由於台灣土地資源有限，人類破壞環境的行為持續地進行，因此政府單位在環境永續發展的願景之下，希望能有效管理國土環境資源以防止過度開發和利用，尤其是河川流域土地的利用問題。由於河川土地屬於環境敏感地帶，土地開發不當將會造成洪水氾濫及破壞生態和水資源污染的嚴重問題。然而，分析與評估河川流域土地利用的問題必然牽涉到許多影響因素，例如環境保護、生態保育、水資源再利用等因素。評估土地利用必須根據法規資料與專家的專業知識進行分析。因此，本研究採用專家系統技術擷取並保存專家知識以發展「河川流域土地利用評估專家系統」，來評估台灣河川土地環境資源之利用。本專家系統包括五個部份：(1)知識擷取與表達；(2)推論方法；(3)解釋機制；(4)使用者介面；(5)更新機制。因為知識擷取是建置專家系統的重要一部份，本研究首先以決策表與決策樹擷取專家知識，利用決策表確認知識擷取的完整性與正確性，以法則方式呈現擷取的知識。推論方法以向前推論方式提供分析結果以協助土地利用規劃者提升決策品質。接著本研究建立土地利用相關法令加入法則中，以加強解釋機制，促使決策者能了解法規之間的關係。在設計使用者介面部分，結合地理資訊系統呈現地圖資訊以便於決策者查詢。更新機制部分提供維護功能讓使用者更新知識庫。此專家系統最後透過專業人員的評量，以評估系統的使用價值以及給予提升系統效能的建議。在研究成果方面，河川流域土地利用評估專家系統基於這些功能提供準確評估結果，而且結合專家系統與地理資訊系統功能促使水利署能更完善管理河川土地利用。

Because land resource in Taiwan is finite and human unceasingly destroy the environment, governments under the vision of sustainable development are trying to make the best use of limited national land resource to avoid over-exploitation and overuse, especially land use near watershed. Unsuitable development in land will cause serious problems in flooding, the depredation of ecology, and the pollution of water quality on account of environmental sensitivity of lands near watershed. Therefore analyzing and planning these spatial data about land use involve a huge amount of influential factors, such as environment protection, ecology, water resource reuse etc. Assessing land use near watershed has to be based on regulations and experts’ knowledge. Accordingly, this study adopts expert system techniques to acquire and retain expertise from experts, and discusses the development of Land Use near River Basin Expert System (LURBES) for evaluating how to use environmental resources of land near watershed in Taiwan. This expert system contains five sections: (1) knowledge acquisition and representation, (2) inference method, (3) explanation mechanism, (4) user interface, (5) update facility. First, since knowledge acquisition is crucial for the development of an expert system, this study adopts decision tables and decision tree to acquire expertise to confirm completeness and correctness, and represents acquired knowledge in rule-based form. Second, forward chaining inference engine is used as inference method to provide analysis results in order to support land user planners in making better decisions. Third, regulations about land use are weighed in rules in order to enhance the explanation mechanism for decision makers realizing relationships between regulations. Fourth, the user interface incorporates Geographic Information System to display map information for decision makers querying. Fifth, the update facility provides maintainable machinery for users to update the knowledge base. Finally, this system is evaluated by professionals for assessing these functions and providing suggestions that can enhance capability of the system. In the research achievement, LURBES based on these components provides accurate evaluation results and combines expert system technologies with GIS functions for Water Resource Agency to better manage land use near watershed.

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