OsAkαGal編碼葉綠體鹼性α-半乳糖苷酶（OsAkαGal），是一種雙半乳糖基二酰基甘油（DGDG）的水解酶，在葉綠體類囊體膜降解過程中扮演重要功能。為了解OsAkαGal基因受生長發育及環境因子調控網絡，在這項研究中，我們利用OsAkαGal起始密碼子上游1kb啟動子的 DNA序列作當作bait，和由 1100個水稻(Oryza sativa cv. Nippobare)轉錄因子組成的基因庫進行高效率酵母單雜交篩選，其中我們分離出OsNACgs9轉錄因子會與OsAkαGal啟動子有強烈結合。 OsNACgs9編碼NAC（NAM，ATAF1/2和CUC）轉錄因子，經親緣關係樹分析OsNACgs9屬於新穎禾本科專一NAC亞群，在水稻基因體共有10個旁系同源基因，其中OsNACgs8在不同花發育過程中顯示出與OsNACgs9相同的基因表現模式。我們將OsNACgs9基因融合ERF-associated amphiphilic repression(EAR)基序,建構轉錄抑制轉殖水稻(ZmUbiP::OsNACgs9-SRDX)，以克服旁系同源基因冗餘功能的問題。轉錄抑制轉殖水稻表觀型分析，大部分轉殖品系顯示植株高度和分櫱數明顯減少，並且葉片衰老延遲，與野生型植株相比有許多小穗未能正常充實造成40-70%空包率。OsNACgs9轉錄缺失的小穗有較大的柱頭。花粉活性及澱粉染色分析也顯示一些轉錄缺失植株的花粉有發育缺陷。原位雜交分析發現，OsNACgs9基因表現和qRT-PCR的結果一致，當花粉母細胞時期當花大小約為2 mm時基因表現最強，主要表現於雌蕊(柱頭、子房)及雄蕊(花粉細胞、花藥壁、花藥維管束、花絲)。已知OsbHLH142通過調節花藥發育期間絨氈層的分化和死亡來調控花粉發育，我們的數據也顯示，在osbhlh142基因缺失植株，OsNACgs9，OsNACgs8和OsAkαGal基因的表現量顯著下調，雖然OsNACgs9基因功能尚待更多研究證明，但綜合以上實驗結果初步顯示OsNACgs9可能參與營養和生殖生長的調控，不只影響植株分櫱及葉片老化，並影響花粉發育及合子後榖粒的充實，同時OsNACgs9和它的旁系同源基因OsNACgs8也可能受bHLH142基因的調控。

OsAkaGal is a chloroplast alkaline -galactosidase. It degrades digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG) that play important function in the disassembly of thylakoid membranes during chloroplast degradation. In this study, we have cloned OsAkaGal upstream 1kb DNA sequences from start codon and used as bait for high-throughput One-Yeast-Hybrid Screening using a library composed of 1100 transcription factors from Oryza sativa cv. Nippobare. We have identified OsNACgs9 transcription factor strongly interacted with the OsAkaGal promoter. OsNACgs9 encodes a novel grass-specific NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC) transcription factor subfamily of 10 paralogous genes. Among these, OsNACgs8 also show similar gene expression pattern as OsNACgs9 during different stages of flower development. Florets (~ 2mm) at pollen mother cell developmental stage have strongest gene expression and decreased as development advanced. We have constructed OsNACgs9 fused to the ERF-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif act as dominant repressor in gene transcription to overcome genetic redundancy in transgenic plants. Phenotyping of ZmUbiP::OsNACgs9-SRDX transgenic lines showed reduced plant height and tiller number, and delayed leaf senescence. Florets have bigger stigma. Some of these mutant lines also showed defects in pollen development at anthesis. Many of the spikelets in these transgenic lines failed to fill the grains and resulted 40 -70% empty seeds compared to wild-type plants. In situ hybridization analysis showed that OsNACgs9 is strongly expressed in the carpal (ovule and stigma) and stamen (pollen cell, anther wall, anther vascular bundle and filament) during flower development. OsbHLH142 is known to regulate pollen development by regulating tapetum differentiation and degeneration during anther development. Our data also showed the expression of OsNACgs9, OsNACgs8 and OsAkαGal was downregulated in osbhlh142 mutant plants. Our preliminary data suggests that OsNACgs9 might play regulatory roles in vegetative and reproductive development. It not only regulates tiller development and leaf senescence, but also controls pollen development and grain filling. Further investigation is needed to reveal interplay between OsNACgs9, OsNACgs8 and bHLH142 in the regulation of vegetative and reproductive growth.

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