地震引致地下水位變化的現象，在過去三十年間持續的引起水文學及地震學研究者的討論。在過去研究中常被提出的解釋之一，認為地震引致的地下水位變化符合孔彈性力學，代表孔隙水壓的地下水位變化與含水層所產生的體積應變間呈現比例關係。然而，基於孔彈性力學理論所建立的此一機制解釋，受限於均質性地層假設之簡化模型。此理論儘管可以大致說明同震地下水位的升降變化型式與地殼應變壓縮與伸張區的空間分佈關係，但對於地下水位變化幅度的估算，卻一直無法得到合理的結果。此外，此一孔彈性力學均質性的假設，也無法解釋觀測站井對於不同地區地震所產生的地下水位變化幅度，明顯存在的反應敏感度差異。
本研究分析地震引致地下水位變化之靜態及動態效應，使用臺灣地區地震地下水觀測站井2004~2009年七年間的觀測成果，計算地震引致的地下水位變化中普遍存在的因斷層錯位造成的靜態體積應變(近震為主)及因地震波動傳遞造成的動態體積應變(遠震為主)。並以1999年集集地震、2008年汶川地震及2010年甲仙地震等三個不同型態的地震案例，驗證與討論地震引致的地下水位變化中同時存在的靜態與動態效應，且證明此一機制普遍存在與重複出現。此一發現，除了釐清過去透過單一案例不同站井或單一站井不同案例的資料解釋，由斷層錯位造成的靜態體積應變機制，或者由地震波動傳遞造成的動態體積應變機制無法統一說明各地、各案例地震引致地下水位變化的型態、幅度及空間分布的物理機制，也聯結了不同研究中討論的近震及遠震的不同反應型態。
除了定性的說明地震引致地下水位變化的靜態及動態的複合效應外，透過地震物理與地下水文的定量比對，本研究利用臺灣地區地震地下水觀測站井2004~2009年七年間的觀測成果，針對10座觀測成效較佳、觀測案例較多的地震地下水站井，濾除非構造因素的地下水位變動，利用地下水位中的地潮反應，求取反應各站井觀測含水層-水井系統的體積應變敏感度。再針對觀測期間計27場規模大於6的地震，分別計算各站井因斷層錯位造成的靜態體積應變及各站井的地表加速度觀測值，作為地震引致地下水位變化的靜態及動態效應定量分析的依據，分別獲得：(1) 地震引致地下水位變化的靜態體積應變量及地表加速度的最低門檻值；(2)地震引致地下水位不同變化型態的靜態體積應變量及地表加速度關係；(3) 地震引致地下水位變化空間分布的物理機制及(4)地震前兆性地下水位變化的可能機制等重要結論。

The earthquake-induced groundwater level changes were recorded in many historical records. Such changes have been monitored and investigated in the last thirty years. However, most of the previous studies, which are based on single event in different observations or multiple-independent events by many different data sources, involved uncertainties arising from different mechanisms and site effects. The quantitative analysis of earthquake-induced groundwater level changes remains a challenge.
Most of the evaluations of the coseismic static volumetric strain changes are based on the assumption of homogeneous and elastic material which is expanded in a half-infinite space. However, many of the coseismic and/or postseismic groundwater level changes caused by relatively distant earthquakes, show that the static volumetric strain changes can not well explain the earthquake-related changes. In this study, the data of 16 high resolution groundwater monitoring wells for 2004－2009 were utilized. The strain sensitivities of the groundwater level at these six wells ranged between 0.1 and 0.5 mm/10-9, indicating that an analysis of groundwater level data at these wells can detect volumetric strain changes on the order of 10-9. A total of 196 events had been examined to explore the mechanism of the earthquake-induced groundwater variation. Earthquake-related groundwater level changes were compared to observed seismic accelerations and to infer coseismic static volumetric strain changes at the wells. The strain to cause the groundwater variation composes two parts: static strain and dynamic strain. The static volumetric strain is caused due to the presence of inhomogeneous structures of tectonic structures and well-aquifer system, which the dynamic strain is mainly caused by ground shaking.
On the whole, ground shaking seems a dominant factor for the earthquake-related changes at the most of wells because the calculated static volumetric strain is far less than the observed strain that corresponds to the earthquake-induced groundwater variation. The analysis shows that the acceleration of ground shaking cannot always fits to the observed groundwater level changes.

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