藍綠菌通常為形成淡水藻華的主要藻類，其生成的毒素與臭味等代謝物質影響人類與環境生物的用水安全與口感。目前各國針對藻華所產生的危害風險主要以水體水質汙染來做評估，然而對藻體霧化而形成的生物氣膠所造成的危害，評估文獻仍然很少。水中藻體若透過風吹或其他擾動而霧化形成生物氣膠，其伴隨之毒素則可藉由呼吸途徑，造成水體周邊活動民眾的暴露風險。因此，最佳化採集有害藻體細胞之流程並量化藻體細胞與其毒素濃度，為推估暴露量的基本工作。
本研究於實驗室確定選用之濾紙種類、孔徑並確立毒素分析之前處理震盪時間後，於金門太湖湖庫周界採集氣膠，並將採集到的樣本分別進行核苷酸(DNA)萃取和超音波震盪器接著玻璃珠震盪之破碎，再結核酵素免疫學技術(ELISA)和定量聚合酶鏈鎖反應(qPCR)，來量化優養化水體周界空氣中的代表性產毒藻(微囊藻與柱孢藻)與其毒素濃度，根據量化的結果來修正採樣與前處理之方法，並於葫蘆埤進行第二次現地採樣。研究發現，空氣中樣本之ELISA的前處理以將1/8 片濾紙加入500 µL的ASM培養基和玻璃珠震盪10分鐘，能得到最佳的檢測結果；進行qPCR之前應進行離心濃縮的步驟來降低偵測極限。
根據葫蘆埤湖庫周界的現地採樣分析結果顯示，當湖泊中存在高濃度的微囊藻與其毒素時，高量採樣器能有效的將含有微囊藻的氣膠粒子採集於濾紙上，並可透過玻璃珠破碎和ELISA方法測到空氣中含有0.01-0.023 ng/m3的微囊藻毒素，以及透過qPCR檢測並換算後得知，葫蘆埤周界的每立方公尺空氣中有27-756個微囊藻細胞，並且有10-51個具產微囊藻毒素的能力，顯示藻體細胞與其毒素會隨著氣膠懸浮於湖泊周界的空氣中。相對於過去著重飲用水的影響，本研究結果顯示，若水體中有高濃度微囊藻，周界空氣氣膠中，也會有藻細胞和藻毒，同樣對水體周界活動的民眾造成暴露的風險。透過本研究建立之氣膠藻體的採樣分析方法，能有效的採集並檢測到氣膠中的藻體與藻毒，可作為未來評估空氣中藻毒素暴露風險的依據。

Toxic cyanobacterial blooms are ubiquitous in both freshwater and brackish water throughout the world. Cyanotoxins, microcystins and cylindrospermopsin for example, may cause liver and/or renal diseases, posing a great threat to human. The risks of cyanobacteria to human health have been mainly assessed for the exposure pathway of drinking water. However, in a few recent studies, inhalation of aerosolized cyanotoxins and cyanobacteria is considered to be another pathway for exposure to cyanotoxins. Therefore, it is important to establish an efficient and feasible detection method for aerosolized cyanotoxins, so that a better way to evaluate the risk of inhalation exposure to cyanotoxins can be established.

In this study, the sampling and analytical methods for aerosolized cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins were first developed. The methods were then applied to collect and analyze the cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins laden air in two eutrophic fresh water bodies in Taiwan, namely Tai-Hu Lake, Kinmen County and Hulupi (HLP) Lake, Tainan City. High volume samplers, total suspended particulate (TSP), were used for sampling the aerosols, while quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods were used to quantify four target genes, including Microcystis, Cylindrospermopsis, microcystins and cylindrospermopsins. According to the results from the first sampling, a pre-treatment method was added to lower the detection limit. The results show that, the detection limit of ELISA can be lowered by putting one eighth of the filter paper, glass beads and 500 µl ASM into the tube and bead beating for 10 minutes, while that of qPCR can be lowered by adding a centrifugation process.

The field sampling in HLP lake show that Microcystis and microcystins were detected in the air samples collected near the HLP lake. The detected Microcystis and toxigenic Microcystis concentrations were 27-756 cells/m3 and 10-51 cells/m3, respectively, while the microcystins concentrations were 0.01-0.023 ng/m3 in the air. This study demonstrates the presence of the harmful cyanobacteria and toxins near the studied eutrophic reservoir/lake. The methods developed can be used to collect and analyze airborne cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins near eutrophic lakes/reservoirs, and the results obtained may be used to evaluate the inhalation exposure and risk for cyanotoxins for public.

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