近年來急遽的氣候變遷，危害了生物的生存環境，溫室效應可以說是最主要的元兇。十八世紀工業革命之後，人類文明快速進步，大量開發石油、煤炭等石化燃料，產生大量的溫室氣體，讓大氣中的二氧化碳濃度日益增加，使得各地的年均溫持續攀升，因此各國開始關注能源危機以及全球暖化的問題，開發新能源來解決這項危機是當務之急。目前科學家積極發展再生能源，例如：生質能、風能、地熱、水力等無汙染的能源；或是提高傳統能源的轉換效率，例如：汽電共生、燃料電池、太陽能電池以及熱電材料等。鈦酸鍶可以應用於太陽能電池的電極以及n型的熱電材料，並且無毒性、環境友善性佳以及良好的熱穩定性，因此是具前瞻性的能源材料之一。
目前大部分的鈦酸鍶是以高溫固相反應法製備而得，但是固相法需要高溫（> 1300 ℃）煆燒反應，不易合成單一相且難以製備小粒徑粉體之缺點，其常壓燒結溫度高達1400至1800 ℃，而水熱法以及溶液凝膠法具有反應溫度低、時間短，並且可以合成奈米晶粒的優點，大幅降低生產成本，達到節能的需求。
本研究旨在以熱迴流系統製備未摻雜以及摻雜鑭、釹的奈米級鈦酸鍶粉體，依據實驗製程中兩種不同極性（異丙醇以及乙二醇）的溶劑，探討合成粉體之結晶相鑑定、微觀結構、表面結構、熱重損失以及燒結塊材的密度。研究結果顯示以異丙醇為反應溶劑製備之鈦酸鍶粉體，於75 ℃加熱30分鐘即可合成未摻雜以及摻雜鑭、釹之鈦酸鍶粉體，由Scherrer equation計算可得粉體粒徑大小為35.0 nm；以乙二醇為反應溶劑製備之鈦酸鍶粉體，於75 ℃加熱90分鐘可以合成未摻雜以及摻雜鑭、釹之鈦酸鍶粉體，由Scherrer equation計算可得粉體粒徑大小為26.1 nm。
從FT-IR結果發現，合成粉體的表面帶有水分子、硝酸根離子以及碳酸根離子。粉體經600 ℃熱處理1 ~ 5小時後，未摻雜以及摻雜鑭、釹的奈米級鈦酸鍶粉體之重量損失皆無明顯的差異，因此以1小時做為熱處理之持溫時間。製程A以異丙醇為反應溶劑製備之粉體粒徑大小為44.0 nm；製程B以乙二醇為反應溶劑製備之粉體顆粒大小為37.1 nm，並且沒有初期燒結的現象。
製程A之未摻雜鈦酸鍶粉體以及摻雜鑭、釹鈦酸鍶粉體經600 ℃熱處理1小時後，於98 MPa的壓力冷壓成型，並且以1400 ℃、5% H2-95% Ar的還原氣氛下燒結1小時所得燒結塊材，其相對密度皆高於80 %，晶粒大小為1 ~ 5 μm；製程B之未摻雜鈦酸鍶粉體以及摻雜鑭、釹鈦酸鍶粉體經冷壓成型後，以相同條件進行燒結，其相對密度皆高於85 %，晶粒大小為1 ~ 5 μm。

In order to get nano-sized strontium titanate powder, La and Nd-doped nano-sized strontium titanate powders were synthesized by reflux system. Using 2-propanol and ethylene glycol as solvents. Non-doped, La and Nd-doped strontium titanate powder were heated at 600 ˚C for 1 h. The heat treated powders were under cold isostatically pressed at 98 MPa, and sintered at 1400 ˚C under highly reducing conditions (5% H2-95% Ar) for 1 h. Characteristics of SrTiO3, Sr0.9La0.1TiO3, and Sr0.9La0.1TiO3 synthesized powders were analysized by XRD, SEM, FT-IR, and TGA.
The SrTiO3 powder could be synthesized by 2-propanol at 75 ˚C for 30 min, and by ethylene glycol at 75 ˚C for 90 min as well. The particle size of synthesized SrTiO3 powder was about 100 nm.
In order to eliminate impurities, such like nitrate ions etc. adsorbed on the surface of particles, the powders were heated at 600 ˚C in air for 1 h. The relationship between weight loss percentage and heat treatment temperature was obtained. Furthermore, heat treated powders also showed perovskite-SrTiO3 phase without second phase. Non-doped, La and Nd-doped strontium titanate bulk prepared by 2-propanol showed the relative density were over 80 %, and the others prepared by ethylene glycol showed the relative density were over 85 %. The grain sizes of three samples prepared by process A and B were 1-2 μm, 1-2 μm, and 1-5 μm, respectively.

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