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研究生： 葉晏廷
Ye, Yan-Ting
論文名稱： 一實現於FPGA的影像讀取與處理系統
An Image Access and Processing System with FPGA Implementation
指導教授： 陳進興
Chen, Chin-Hsing
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 電機資訊學院 - 電腦與通信工程研究所
Institute of Computer & Communication Engineering
論文出版年： 2021
畢業學年度： 109
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 58
中文關鍵詞： 現場可程式化邏輯閘陣列(FPGA) 、SD記憶卡 、影像處理 、OV7670相機 、影像顯示 、控制器 、硬體描述語言 、RS232
外文關鍵詞： FPGA, SD memory card, Image Processing, OV7670 camera, RS232, Image Display, Controllers, Verilog
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    • 本論文在FPGA上實現了一個影像存取和處理系統。所提的系統可以透過OV7670相機捕捉影像或透過SD記憶卡讀出影像，並將它們顯示在VGA的顯示器上。OV7670是一個小型的、低工作電壓的相機，每秒可以提供30幀640×480解析度的影像。SD記憶卡是一種廉價的、高容量的便攜式存儲設備。通過RS232接口，使用者可以從PC向FPGA發送信號以決定影像來源或影像處理的模式。
    本系統的FPGA硬體實現由RS232模塊、輸入選擇模塊、SD記憶卡模塊、OV7670模塊和輸出選擇模塊組成。RS232模塊接收由PC傳輸的數據。輸入選擇模塊選擇影像來源或影像處理的模式。SD記憶卡模塊是從SD記憶卡中讀出圖像以及OV7670模塊是從OV7670相機中讀出圖像。輸出選擇模塊決定了影像輸出來源。實驗結果顯示我們的系統能於攝影機與SD記憶卡之間切換影像輸入模式並能成功執行影像的彩色－黑白轉換、二值化與反值運算。

    This thesis implements an image access and processing system on FPGA. The proposed system can capture images either through the OV7670 camera or read out through the SD memory card and display them on a VGA monitor. The OV7670 is a small, low-voltage camera that provides images resolution 640×480 at 30 frames per second. The SD memory card is an inexpensive, high-capacity, portable storage device. Through the RS232 interface, a user can send signals from the PC to the FPGA to determine the image sources and the mode of image processing.
    The FPGA implementation of our system consists of RS232 module, input selection module, SD memory card module, OV7670 module and output selection module. The RS232 module receives the data transmitted by the PC. The input selection module selects the image sources or the mode of image processing. The SD memory card module reads out the image from the SD memory card and the OV7670 module reads the image from the OV7670 camera. The output selection module determines image output sources. The experimental results show that our system can switch inputting images between camera and SD memory card and perform conversion between color and grayscale, thresholding and inversing for images successfully.

    摘 要 I Abstract II 誌 謝 IV Acknowledgment V Contents VI List of Tables IX List of Figures X Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) 1 1.2 Hardware Description Languages and Hardware Architecture Design 6 1.3 Secure Digital Memory Card (SD memory card) 6 1.4 OV7670 Camera 8 1.5 Motivation and Contributions 8 1.6 Thesis Organization 8 Chapter 2 The Working Principles of SD Memory Card and OV7670 Camera 10 2.1 Overview 10 2.2 OV7670 Camera 10 2.2.1 CMOS VS. CCD 10 2.2.2 Function Description 11 2.3 The Architecture of SD Memory Card 13 2.3.1 Pin and Pad Assignment 13 2.3.2 Card Registers 14 2.3.3 Card Architecture 15 2.4 Serial Peripheral Interface Bus (SPI Bus) 16 2.4.1 SPI Architecture and Interface Pins 16 2.4.2 SPI Operation Mode and Timing Diagram 17 2.5 Command and Response Format of the SPI Mode in a SD Memory Card 19 2.5.1 Cyclic Redundancy Code (CRC) 19 2.5.2 Command Format 19 2.5.3 Command Description 20 2.5.4 Response Format R1 22 2.5.5 Response Format R7 22 2.6 Timing Diagrams of SPI mode 23 2.6.1 Power On and Reset Timing 23 2.6.2 Data Read Timing 24 Chapter 3 Hardware Design of the Proposed Image Access and Processing System 26 3.1 Overview of the System 26 3.1.1 Programming Interface 26 3.1.2 The Cyclone IV E FPGA Chip 28 3.1.3 SDRAM 29 3.1.4 VGA DAC 29 3.1.5 SD Memory Card 29 3.1.6 OV7670 Camera 30 3.1.7 RS232 Interface 31 3.2 The Top-Level Module 31 3.3 RS232_Bytes_Receiver 33 3.4 RS232_Command_Decoder 33 3.5 The Debouncing_Circuit Module 34 3.6 The Top_SD_Photo_Vga Module 35 3.6.1 The SD_Read_Photo Module 37 3.6.2 The SD_Card_Controller Module 38 3.6.3 The SD_Image_Process Module 40 3.6.4 The VGA_Controller Module 41 3.7 The CMOS_VGA_V3_640by480 Module 44 3.7.1 The Camera_Image_Process Module 46 Chapter 4 Experimental Results 47 Chapter 5 Conclusion 57 References 58

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