摘 要 I Abstract II 誌 謝 IV Acknowledgment V Contents VI List of Tables IX List of Figures X Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) 1 1.2 Hardware Description Languages and Hardware Architecture Design 6 1.3 Secure Digital Memory Card (SD memory card) 6 1.4 OV7670 Camera 8 1.5 Motivation and Contributions 8 1.6 Thesis Organization 8 Chapter 2 The Working Principles of SD Memory Card and OV7670 Camera 10 2.1 Overview 10 2.2 OV7670 Camera 10 2.2.1 CMOS VS. CCD 10 2.2.2 Function Description 11 2.3 The Architecture of SD Memory Card 13 2.3.1 Pin and Pad Assignment 13 2.3.2 Card Registers 14 2.3.3 Card Architecture 15 2.4 Serial Peripheral Interface Bus (SPI Bus) 16 2.4.1 SPI Architecture and Interface Pins 16 2.4.2 SPI Operation Mode and Timing Diagram 17 2.5 Command and Response Format of the SPI Mode in a SD Memory Card 19 2.5.1 Cyclic Redundancy Code (CRC) 19 2.5.2 Command Format 19 2.5.3 Command Description 20 2.5.4 Response Format R1 22 2.5.5 Response Format R7 22 2.6 Timing Diagrams of SPI mode 23 2.6.1 Power On and Reset Timing 23 2.6.2 Data Read Timing 24 Chapter 3 Hardware Design of the Proposed Image Access and Processing System 26 3.1 Overview of the System 26 3.1.1 Programming Interface 26 3.1.2 The Cyclone IV E FPGA Chip 28 3.1.3 SDRAM 29 3.1.4 VGA DAC 29 3.1.5 SD Memory Card 29 3.1.6 OV7670 Camera 30 3.1.7 RS232 Interface 31 3.2 The Top-Level Module 31 3.3 RS232_Bytes_Receiver 33 3.4 RS232_Command_Decoder 33 3.5 The Debouncing_Circuit Module 34 3.6 The Top_SD_Photo_Vga Module 35 3.6.1 The SD_Read_Photo Module 37 3.6.2 The SD_Card_Controller Module 38 3.6.3 The SD_Image_Process Module 40 3.6.4 The VGA_Controller Module 41 3.7 The CMOS_VGA_V3_640by480 Module 44 3.7.1 The Camera_Image_Process Module 46 Chapter 4 Experimental Results 47 Chapter 5 Conclusion 57 References 58