由於愛美是人的天性加上許多人因工作對於外觀上的需求，所以越來越多人開始進行牙齒矯正，然而隨著牙齒矯正的人口逐漸增加，也衍生出一些醫病之間因認知差異而導致的醫療糾紛，為了降低醫病之間的資訊不對稱問題以及提高醫療服務品質，許多牙齒矯正服務提供者開始思索如何透過醫療數位化轉型來提高患者病歷資訊保存以及降低醫病間資訊不對稱的問題，此外齒科數位化轉型不僅可以透過數位化口腔掃描技術來進行患者齒列狀態的模擬，更能透過電腦輔助設計與製造(CAD/CAM)技術來模擬患者齒列矯正過程，更可以逐步追蹤患者在牙齒矯正過程所發生的各種狀況，不僅有助於縮短患者矯正所需之時間，更能讓矯正過程的資訊能完整被保存，有助於之後發生醫療糾紛時有明確責任歸屬，更能提高後續矯正個案的術後追蹤成效。因此本研究可讓醫療從業人員與齒列矯正患者能充分瞭解齒列矯正治療計畫所包含之四大醫療服務流程(診療評估、療程選擇、矯正流程與術後回診)，並瞭解各矯正流程導入數位化轉型之渴望性(Desire)與必要性(Requirement)狀態，以及瞭解四大齒列矯治流程間之相互影響關係。本研究採用數位化轉型之必要性與渴望性分析(Desire Requirement Analysis, DRA)，以找出齒列矯治流程之必要程度與渴望程度狀態，並運用網路關聯圖(Network relation map, NRM)，找出各驅動要素之間之相互影響關係，擬訂最適齒列矯正之數位化轉型策略。透過本研究可以協助醫療從業人員、醫材廠商以及矯正患者瞭解齒列矯正數位化轉型之服務需求狀況，並進一步透過網路關聯圖分析(Network relation map，NRM)來評估齒列矯正流程之間的相互影響關係，進而幫齒列矯正服務提供者尋找合適的數位化轉型策略，並建議最佳策略途徑花費最少的資源成本得到數位化最佳的效益。透過本研究可以協助醫療從業人員與齒列矯治患者瞭解目前的齒列矯正數位化轉型狀態，進一步分析齒列矯正數位化轉型之必要性與渴望性狀態，並透過網路關聯圖分析技術進而找出各矯正流程之相互影響關係，並擬定矯正流程數位化轉型之發展策略以及矯正流程最適改善路徑，透過數位化轉型策略來提高齒列矯正之效益並改善齒列矯正之醫病關係。

Since it is humans’ instinct to long for beauty, more and more people receive orthodontic treatment. However, with the gradually increasing population of being orthodontic patients, some medical issues between doctors and patients also happen due to cognitive differences. In order to reduce the problems of information asymmetry between doctors and patients, and to improve the quality of medical services, many orthodontic service providers are beginning to think about how to improve conservation of patients’ medical records information and reduce the information asymmetry between doctors and patients through medical digital transformation. In addition, digital transformation of dental can not only simulate patients’ dentition status through digital oral scanning technology, but also can simulate the process of denture correction through computer aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology. Furthermore, digital transformation of dental can gradually track various conditions of the patient's orthodontic service process, which not only helps shorten the time required for treatments, but also completely helps preserve the information during process and have clear responsibility for the subsequent medical disputes improving prognosis care of subsequent orthodontic cases. Therefore, this study allows medical practitioners and patients with orthodontic treatments to fully understand orthodontic treatments, including four orthodontic service process (medical diagnosis, treatment planning, orthodontic procedure, prognosis care) and to understand the state of desire and requirement when digital transformation is introduced into each orthodontic service process, as well as the interaction between the four major orthodontic service processes. This study uses the Desire Requirement Analysis (DRA) of digital transformation to find out the desire degree and degree of requirement within process. By using the network relation map (NRM), this study tries to find out the mutually influential relationship between driving factors and formulate the digital transformation strategies of optimal orthodontic service process. Through this study, medical practitioners, medical manufacturers and orthodontic patients can be assisted in understanding the service desire states of digital transformation in orthodontics, and further help orthodontic service providers to find appropriate digital transformation strategies. The optimal strategic pathway has been included to suggest stakeholders how to reduce the cost of doing digitalization. This study can help medical practitioners and patients with orthodontic treatment to understand the current digital transformation status of dentition treatment. Further analyzing the desire and requirement of the digital transformation of orthodontics, through the network relation map technique, the mutual influential relationship of each orthodontic service process is found. Then, digital transformation strategies are used to improve the benefit of orthodontic treatments and improve the relationship between patients and doctors.

Alkureishi, M. A., Lee, W. W., Lyons, M., Press, V. G., Imam, S., Nkansah-Amankra, A., Werner, D., & Arora, V. M. 2016. Impact of electronic medical record use on the patient–doctor relationship and communication: a systematic review. Journal of general internal medicine, 31(5): 548-560.
Allareddy, V., Rampa, S., Masoud, M. I., Lee, M. K., Nalliah, R., & Allareddy, V. 2014. Overview of registered studies in orthodontics: Evaluation of the ClinicalTrials. gov registry. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 146(5): 587-593.
Alqerban, A., Jacobs, R., Van Keirsbilck, P.-J., Aly, M., Swinnen, S., Fieuws, S., & Willems, G. 2014. The effect of using CBCT in the diagnosis of canine impaction and its impact on the orthodontic treatment outcome. Journal of orthodontic science, 3(2): 34.
Barreto, M. S., Faber, J., Vogel, C. J., & Araujo, T. M. 2015. Reliability of digital orthodontic setups. The Angle Orthodontist, 86(2): 255-259.
Batesole, M. 2014. Method and system for orthodontic diagnosis: Google Patents.
Berelson, B. 1952. Content analysis in communication research.
Brodkin, D. 2017. Digital technologies for planning and carrying out dental restorative procedures: Google Patents.
Chen, P.-T. 2018. Medical big data applications: Intertwined effects and effective resource allocation strategies identified through IRA-NRM analysis. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 130: 150-164.
Chou, Y.-C., Sun, C.-C., & Yen, H.-Y. 2012. Evaluating the criteria for human resource for science and technology (HRST) based on an integrated fuzzy AHP and fuzzy DEMATEL approach. Applied Soft Computing, 12(1): 64-71.
Cousley, R. R., & Turner, M. J. 2014. Digital model planning and computerized fabrication of orthognathic surgery wafers. Journal of orthodontics, 41(1): 38-45.
Dalalah, D., Hayajneh, M., & Batieha, F. 2011. A fuzzy multi-criteria decision making model for supplier selection. Expert systems with applications, 38(7): 8384-8391.
Deng, S., Yang, N., Li, S., Wang, W., Yan, H., & Li, H. 2018. Doctors’ Job Satisfaction and Its Relationships With Doctor-Patient Relationship and Work-Family Conflict in China: A Structural Equation Modeling. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, 55: 0046958018790831.
Deng, W. 2007. Using a revised importance–performance analysis approach: The case of Taiwanese hot springs tourism. Tourism management, 28(5): 1274-1284.
Durão, A. R., Alqerban, A., Ferreira, A. P., & Jacobs, R. 2015. Influence of lateral cephalometric radiography in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Angle Orthodontist, 85(2).
Esteva Segura, F. J., Sánchez Valverde, A., Meléndez Ocampo, A., & Cedillo Angelares, P. R. 2014. Comparative study between digital and manual cephalometry with digital radiographs. Revista Mexicana de Ortodoncia, 2(2): e93-e96.
Fabels, L. N., & Nijkamp, P. G. 2014. Interexaminer and intraexaminer reliabilities of 3-dimensional orthodontic digital setups. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 146(6): 806-811.
Fields, H. W., & Christensen, J. R. 2013. Orthodontic procedures after trauma. Pediatric dentistry, 35(2): 175-183.
Fontela, E., & Gabus, A. 1976. The dematel observer, battelle geneva research center, geneva, switzerland. DOI, 10: 0016-3287.
Franklin, E. 2002. Why orthodontists get sued. Paper presented at the Seminars in Orthodontics.
Graber, L. W., Vanarsdall, R. L., Vig, K. W., & Huang, G. J. 2016. Orthodontics-E-Book: current principles and techniques: Elsevier Health Sciences.
Haluza, D., Naszay, M., Stockinger, A., & Jungwirth, D. 2017. Digital natives versus digital immigrants: influence of online health information seeking on the doctor–patient relationship. Health communication, 32(11): 1342-1349.
Hans, M. G., Palomo, J. M., & Valiathan, M. 2015. History of imaging in orthodontics from Broadbent to cone-beam computed tomography. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 148(6): 914-921.
Hansen, E., & Bush, R. J. 1999. Understanding customer quality requirements: Model and application. Industrial Marketing Management, 28(2): 119-130.
Holsti, O. R. 1969. Content analysis for the social sciences and humanities. Reading. MA: Addison-Wesley (content analysis).
Janakiraman, N., Feinberg, M., Vishwanath, M., Jayaratne, Y. S. N., Steinbacher, D. M., Nanda, R., & Uribe, F. 2015. Integration of 3-dimensional surgical and orthodontic technologies with orthognathic “surgery-first” approach in the management of unilateral condylar hyperplasia. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 148(6): 1054-1066.
Jerrold, L. 2002. Understanding the basics of the dentistpatient relationship, the standard of care, and informed consent in the orthodontic clinical setting. Paper presented at the Seminars in Orthodontics.
Jerrold, L. 2017. Letting something pass. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 152(4): 566-568.
Johnston, C., & Littlewood, S. 2015. Retention in orthodontics. British dental journal, 218(3): 119.
Jyothikiran, H., Shanthara, J., Subbiah, P., & Thomas, M. 2014. Craniofacial imaging in orthodontics--past present and future. International journal of orthodontics (Milwaukee, Wis.), 25(1): 21-26.
Kapila, S. D., & Nervina, J. M. 2014. Alveolar boundary conditions in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Cone beam computed tomography in orthodontics: indications, insights, and innovations: 293-316.
Kaplan, R. S., & Porter, M. E. 2011. How to solve the cost crisis in health care. Harv Bus Rev, 89(9): 46-52.
Karampela, M., Ouhbi, S., & Isomursu, M. 2018. Personal health data: A systematic mapping study. International journal of medical informatics, 118: 86-98.
Kassarjian, H. H., & Kassarjian, W. M. 1988. The impact of regulation on advertising: A content analysis. Journal of Consumer policy, 11(3): 269-285.
Kim, K. B. 2018. Orthodontics: current principles and techniques. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 153(1): 162.
Lee, W.-S., Huang, A. Y., Chang, Y.-Y., & Cheng, C.-M. 2011. Analysis of decision making factors for equity investment by DEMATEL and Analytic Network Process. Expert Systems with Applications, 38(7): 8375-8383.
Lin, C. 2011. The strategic improvements of social networking services based on SIA-NRM approach. Paper presented at the 2011 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII).
Lin, C.-J., & Wu, W.-W. 2008. A causal analytical method for group decision-making under fuzzy environment. Expert Systems with Applications, 34(1): 205-213.
Lin, C.-L., & Tzeng, G.-H. 2009. A value-created system of science (technology) park by using DEMATEL. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(6): 9683-9697.
Littlewood, S. J., Millett, D. T., Doubleday, B., Bearn, D. R., & Worthington, H. V. 2016. Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces. Cochrane Database Syst Rev(1): Cd002283.
Littlewood, S. J., & Mitchell, L. 2019. An Introduction to Orthodontics: OUP Oxford.
Meesala, A., & Paul, J. 2018. Service quality, consumer satisfaction and loyalty in hospitals: Thinking for the future. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 40: 261-269.
Neuendorf, K. A. 2002. The Content Analysis Guidebook: SAGE Publications.
NIQUINI, B. T. B., BOUCHARDET, F. C. H., & MANZI, F. R. 2017. The importance of radiological documentation in civil lawsuits involving dentists: case report. RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia, 65: 96-99.
Pacheco-Pereira, C., De Luca Canto, G., Major, P. W., & Flores-Mir, C. 2015. Variation of orthodontic treatment decision-making based on dental model type: A systematic review. Angle Orthod, 85(3): 501-509.
Pawlak, C. E., Fields, H. W., Jr., Beck, F. M., & Firestone, A. R. 2015. Orthodontic informed consent considering information load and serial position effect. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 147(3): 363-372.
Pisani, L., Bonaccorso, L., Fastuca, R., Spena, R., Lombardo, L., & Caprioglio, A. 2016. Systematic review for orthodontic and orthopedic treatments for anterior open bite in the mixed dentition. Prog Orthod, 17(1): 28.
Redmond, W. R. 2001. The digital orthodontic office: 2001. Seminars in Orthodontics, 7(4): 266-273.
Sarver, D. M. 2015. Interactions of hard tissues, soft tissues, and growth over time, and their impact on orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 148(3): 380-386.
Segura, F. J. E., Sánchez Valverde, A., Meléndez Ocampo, A., & Angelares, P. R. C. 2014. Comparative study between digital and manual cephalometry with digital radiographs. Revista Mexicana de Ortodoncia, 2(2): 95-98.
Taghavi Bayat, J., Huggare, J., Mohlin, B., & Akrami, N. 2017. Determinants of orthodontic treatment need and demand: a cross-sectional path model study. Eur J Orthod, 39(1): 85-91.
Tamura, M., Nagata, H., & Akazawa, K. 2002. Extraction and systems analysis of factors that prevent safety and security by structural models. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 41st SICE Annual Conference. SICE 2002.
Trpevska, V., Kovacevska, G., Benedeti, A., & Jordanov, B. 2014. T-scan III system diagnostic tool for digital occlusal analysis in orthodontics - a modern approach. Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki), 35(2): 155-160.
Tzeng, G.-H., Chiang, C.-H., & Li, C.-W. 2007. Evaluating intertwined effects in e-learning programs: A novel hybrid MCDM model based on factor analysis and DEMATEL. Expert Systems with Applications, 32(4): 1028-1044.
Vaden, J. 2018. The golden age of orthodontics: Decline and aftermath. A history of the business of orthodontics. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 154(3): 454-455.
Wahl, N. 2015. The <em>AJO-DO</em> and the history of orthodontics. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 148(5): 703-705.
Wang, W.-C., Lin, C.-L., Wang, S.-H., Liu, J.-J., & Lee, M.-T. 2014. Application of importance-satisfaction analysis and influence-relations map to evaluate design delay factors. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 20(4): 497-510.
Wang, W.-C., Lin, Y.-H., Lin, C.-L., Chung, C.-H., & Lee, M.-T. 2012. DEMATEL-based model to improve the performance in a matrix organization. Expert Systems with Applications, 39(5): 4978-4986.
Weber, R. P. 1990. Basic content analysis: Sage.
Westerlund, A., Tancredi, W., Ransjö, M., Bresin, A., Psonis, S., & Torgersson, O. 2015. Digital casts in orthodontics: a comparison of 4 software systems. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 147(4): 509-516.
Yau, H.-T., Yang, T.-J., & Chen, Y.-C. 2014. Tooth model reconstruction based upon data fusion for orthodontic treatment simulation. Computers in biology and medicine, 48: 8-16.
Zecca, P. A., Fastuca, R., Beretta, M., Caprioglio, A., & Macchi, A. 2016. Correlation assessment between three-dimensional facial soft tissue scan and lateral cephalometric radiography in orthodontic diagnosis. International journal of dentistry, 2016.
Zeng, Y., Zhang, L., Yao, G., & Fang, Y. 2018. Analysis of current situation and influencing factor of medical disputes among different levels of medical institutions based on the game theory in Xiamen of China: A cross-sectional survey. Medicine, 97(38).
Zhou, Y. 2016. Application and prospect of digital technology in the field of orthodontics.
Zhou, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, X., Volière, G., & Hu, R. 2014. The impact of orthodontic treatment on the quality of life a systematic review. BMC oral health, 14(1): 66.