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研究生： 張值榕
Chang, Chih-Jung
論文名稱： 不確定因素下異構風場的多目標分析
Multi-criteria Analysis of Heterogeneous Wind Farms under Uncertainty
指導教授： 陳家豪
Chen, Ja-Hau
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 機械工程學系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年： 2014
畢業學年度： 102
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 65
中文關鍵詞： 風力發電 、風力發電場規劃 、風力發電機葉片設計 、風力葉片空氣動力學
外文關鍵詞： Wind energy, Wind farm, Wind turbine blade design, Wind farm noise, Wind resource, Uncertainty
相關次數： 點閱：130  下載：2 
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    • 在科技不斷進步以及能源消耗量持續提升的今日，利用更永續的方式來產生電力已成為一大趨勢，其中風力發電為最具潛力的方法之一。良好的風力發電轉換效率必須搭配完善的風力發電場規劃，其中包含配電控制系統整合、風場規劃、塔架設計、風力葉片結構設計、及空氣動力性能評估等。在以往文獻中，我們發現大部分學者只針對個別領域進行研究，鮮少有整合不同領域進行風場設計並探討各領域間相互之影響。本研究欲提出整合型風力發電場規劃與發電機葉片設計，並與現行台灣實際風力發電場案例作比較，探討在各式風力發電機選擇下對於整體風場之影響，其中考量了葉片的空氣動力設計、尾流效應和噪音傳播的影響，提升在噪音限制下的發電效率。

    在本研究的設計變數裡包含了風力發電機個數、旋翼直徑、葉片翼型、葉片弦長、攻角和風力發電機位置，再藉由公式去推導出風場的發電效益以及空氣動力噪音。但是，風場的風速及風向有不確定性因素，會對最後結果有極大的影響。因此在本研究中我們利用過去20年風力資料藉由嚴謹的統計方法去模擬當地風速及風向分佈。這些分佈會被當成隨機的參數輸入到設計裡面，藉由去探討不確定因素對於風場發電效率以及噪音的影響及衝擊。結果顯示出多變的風速及風向的確可以大幅地影響最後結果。換句話說，如果沒有考慮不確定因素，風場設計會喪失其有效性。

    在風場考量上，小台風機產生較少的噪音，大台的風機可以截取更多的發電效益，彼此之間有著有趣的交互作用關係。因此我們利用不同的案例去討論設計變數對於兩者之間的影響，在這其中包含了異質風場的討論。最後將這些結果利用Pareto front去呈現，設計者可以藉由Pareto front 去選擇傾向降低噪音或者提升效率的風場規畫。藉由本論文分析得到的結果，本文最後結合台灣西海岸的風場規畫以提升其風場的性能表現和展現其有效性。

    Design and planning of wind energy require the integration of wind farm location and layout, wind turbine frame design, the aerodynamics of wind turbine blades, among many other cost and engineering considerations. In the literature, most researchers consider only one aspect of the wind farm design while ignoring the rest. Since these disciplines are deeply coupled in nature, in this research we propose an integrated framework of both wind farm layout optimization and turbine blade design to improve the overall energy transformation efficiency with the minimal noise impact to the neighborhood while considering the aerodynamics of turbine blades, the wake effects of wind turbine placement, and the propagation of the noise. The result is a heterogeneous wind farm composed of different wind turbines of various design and size. We also consider the existence of uncertainty from local wind resources. The results show that while wake effect can alter the power output of a wind farm, the highly varied wind resources could potentially further change the result. Various wind farm scenarios are compared in a bi-criteria space with efficiency and noise. From our work, the decision-makers can select a better wind farm performance from the entire Pareto set based on their priority of power generation efficiency and noise. A case study on the west coast of Taiwan is demonstrated to show the usefulness and validity of the proposed framework.

    書頁名. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i 論文口試委員審定書 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii 中文摘要 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Œ誌謝. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi List of Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 The need for wind energy and current problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Motivations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.3 Organization of the Thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 Literature Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.1 Engineering considerations in a wind farm design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2 Wind farm design considering efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.2.1 Wind turbine design considering efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2.2 Wind farm layout considering efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.3 Wind farm design considering noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.3.1 Wind turbine design considering noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.3.2 Wind farm layout considering noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.4 Wind farm design considering cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.4.1 Wind turbine design considering cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.4.2 Wind farm layout considering cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.5 Wind farm design under uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.6 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3 Proposed Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.1 Research method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.2 Wind farm design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.2.1 Wind farm layout arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.2.2 Wind turbine design - blade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.3 Wind resource assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3.4 Performance of wind turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3.4.1 Aerodynamics of wind turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3.4.2 Noise prediction of wind turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 4 Multi-criteria comparison of various wind farm design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 4.1 Multi-criteria Performance Scenario Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 4.2 Performance comparison in Multi-criteria Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 4.2.1 Performance comparison in Pareto front . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 4.3 Comparison of scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 4.3.1 Heterogeneous wind farm comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 4.4 Pareto front . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 5 Taichung Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 6 Conclusion and Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 6.1 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 6.2 Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

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