自我慈悲（self-compassion）是心理健康的重要因素之一，也是對於減輕壓力或拖延症等很有幫助的可能介入方式。本論文的主要目的，即是在探討自我慈悲、正念、拖延和壓力之間的關係。研究一以後設分析（meta-analysis）來檢驗目前文獻中，自我慈悲與拖延之間是否有穩定的負相關。 結果發現，自我慈悲與拖延的確呈顯著負相關，且年齡變項調節了自我慈悲與拖延之間的關聯。研究二以橫斷性研究法檢驗正念、拖延、自我慈悲和壓力之間的關係以及中介效果。樣本資料收集自越南數所大學共 483 名參與者（年齡 = 18~37 歲；M = 20.22；SD = 2.35）。 結果顯示：（1）自我慈悲與壓力之間有顯著負相關，自我慈悲越高者，壓力越低。（2）正念在自我慈悲與壓力之間有中介效果；且拖延在自我慈悲與壓力之間也有中介效果。綜上發現，這兩項研究顯示自我慈悲與拖延有負向關聯，且自我慈悲可能是透過正念的中介作用來減輕壓力，但也會經由拖延而增高壓力。因此，未來研究可著重在以自我慈悲和正念做為介入之訓練方案之設計與檢驗，以評估其是否能有效的用來減低負面情緒（如壓力、焦慮）與行為（如拖延）。

Self-compassion is considered as an important factor to mental health and a beneficial psychological trait associated with decreased stress as well as procrastination. Our study examined the relationships between self-compassion, mindfulness, procrastination and stress. Study 1 was a meta-analysis to examine the robustness in the literature of the association between self-compassion and procrastination. A meta-analysis found that self-compassion showed a significant negative correlation with procrastination, and age moderated the relationship between self-compassion and procrastination. In addition, our study also indicated that Asia's age group has a higher degree of a negative relationship between self-compassion and procrastination than Europe, North America America's age group. These findings suggested that increasing self-compassion may help to reduce procrastination. Thus, future studies may design and test the effectiveness of using self-compassion training or intervention to reduce procrastination. Study 2 investigated the mediating roles of mindfulness and procrastination in the relationship between self-compassion and stress. A sample of four hundred and eighty-three participants (age = 18-37 M = 20.22; SD = 2.35) from several Vietnamese universities were recruited. Results indicated that (1) self-compassion was negatively correlated with stress. (2) (3) Mindfulness, and procrastination mediated the relationship between self-compassion and stress. In sum, these two studies provide evidence that self-compassion and procrastination were significantly negative correlated, and self-compassion might cause stress via the mediation of mindfulness and procrastination. Therefore, future research may target on the development and testing on self-compassion and mindfulness interventions in reducing negative emotions (e.g., stress, anxiety) and behaviours (e.g., procrastination).

Barutçu Yıldırım, F., & Demir, A. (2020). Self-Handicapping Among University Students: The Role of Procrastination, Test Anxiety, Self-Esteem, and Self-Compassion. Psychological Reports, 123(3), 825–843. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294118825099
Bluth, K., Roberson, P. N. E., Gaylord, S. A., Faurot, K. R., Grewen, K. M., Arzon, S., & Girdler, S. S. (2016). Does Self-Compassion Protect Adolescents from Stress? Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(4), 1098–1109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0307-3
Ewert, C., Vater, A., & Schröder-Abé, M. (2021). Self-Compassion and Coping: A Meta-Analysis. Mindfulness, 12(5), 1063–1077. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01563-8
Fuschia, S. M. (2014). Procrastination and Stress: Exploring the Role of Self-compassion. Self and Identity, 13(2), 128–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2013.763404
Fuschia, S. M., & Tosti, N. (2012). Lost in the Moment? An Investigation of Procrastination, Mindfulness, and Well-being. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 30(4), 237–248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-012-0151-y
Fuschia, S. M., Nauts, S., & Molnar, D. S. (2019). Self-Compassion and Bedtime Procrastination:an Emotion Regulation Perspective. Mindfulness, 10(3), 434–445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0983-3
Keng, S.-L., Smoski, M. J., & Robins, C. J. (2011). Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(6), 1041–1056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2011.04.006
Keyte, R., Mullis, L., Egan, H., Hussain, M., Cook, A., & Mantzios, M. (2021). Self-Compassion and Instagram Use Is Explained by the Relation to Anxiety, Depression, and Stress. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 6(2), 436–441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41347-020-00186-z
Lee, K. J., & Lee, S. M. (2022). The role of self-compassion in the academic stress model. Current Psychology, 41(5), 3195–3204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00843-9
Mishra, S. (2020). Social networks, social capital, social support and academic success in higher education: A systematic review with a special focus on ‘underrepresented’ students. Educational Research Review, 29, 100307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2019.100307
Neff, K. D. (2003b). The Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Self-Compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027
Neff, K. D., & McGehee, P. (2010). Self-compassion and Psychological Resilience Among Adolescents and Young Adults. Self and Identity, 9(3), 225–240. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860902979307
Rapoport, O., Bengel, S., Möcklinghoff, S., & Neidhardt, E. (2022). Self-compassion moderates the influence of procrastination on postponing sporting activity. Personality and Individual Differences, 185, 111242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111242
Rivas-Drake, D., & Stein, G. L. (2017). Multicultural Developmental Experiences. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 26(2), 271–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2016.12.012
Rozental, A., & Carlbring, P. (2014). Understanding and Treating Procrastination: A Review of a Common Self-Regulatory Failure. Psychology, 5(13), 1488–1502. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2014.513160
Snippe, E., Dziak, J. J., Lanza, S. T., Nyklíček, I., & Wichers, M. (2017). The Shape of Change in Perceived Stress, Negative Affect, and Stress Sensitivity During Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction. Mindfulness, 8(3), 728–736. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0650-5
Stead, R., Shanahan, M. J., & Neufeld, R. W. J. (2010). “I’ll go to therapy, eventually”: Procrastination, stress and mental health. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(3), 175–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.03.028
Stone, P., Kaminka, G., Kraus, S., & Rosenschein, J. (2010). Ad Hoc Autonomous Agent Teams: Collaboration without Pre-Coordination. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 24(1), 1504–1509. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v24i1.7529
Stutts, L. A., Leary, M. R., Zeveney, A. S., & Hufnagle, A. S. (2018). A longitudinal analysis of the relationship between self-compassion and the psychological effects of perceived stress. Self and Identity, 17(6), 609–626. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2017.1422537.
Sirois, F. M. (2014). Procrastination and Stress: Exploring the Role of Self-compassion. Self and Identity, 13(2), 128–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2013.763404
Sirois, F. M., & Tosti, N. (2012). Lost in the Moment? An Investigation of Procrastination, Mindfulness, and Well-being. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 30(4), 237–248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-012-0151-y.
Sirois, F. M., Nauts, S., & Molnar, D. S. (2019). Self-Compassion and Bedtime Procrastination:an Emotion Regulation Perspective. Mindfulness, 10(3), 434–445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0983-3.
Tian, L., & Heppner, P. P. (2018). The Development and Validation of a Chinese Proactive Coping Inventory Among Chinese College Students. International Perspectives in Psychology, 7(1), 19–34. https://doi.org/10.1037/ipp0000081
Weis, R., Ray, S. D., & Cohen, T. A. (2021). Mindfulness as a way to cope with COVID‐19‐related stress and anxiety. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(1), 8–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12375
Yang, X., Zhu, J., & Hu, P. (2021). Perceived social support and procrastination in college students: A sequential mediation model of self-compassion and negative emotions. Current Psychology, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01920-3
Zhu, X., Hu, P., Fan, Z., Zhan, W., Wang, H., Yang, Y., Zhou, Z., Ma, L., & Gao, H. (2019). Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Depression, Anxiety, and Pain in Patients with Post Herpetic Neuralgia. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 207(6), 482–486. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000998
Chapter 2
Alison, F. L., Haghbin, M., & Pychyl, T. A. (2016). Procrastination and Depression from a Cognitive Perspective: An Exploration of the Associations Among Procrastinatory Automatic Thoughts, Rumination, and Mindfulness. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 34(3), 169–186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-016-0235-1
Allen, A. B., & Leary, M. R. (2010). Self-Compassion, Stress, and Coping. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4(2), 107–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2009.00246.x
Barnard, L. K., & Curry, J. F. (2011). Self-Compassion: Conceptualizations, Correlates, & Interventions. Review of General Psychology, 15(4), 289–303. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025754
Barutçu Yıldırım, F., & Demir, A. (2020). Self-Handicapping Among University Students: The Role of Procrastination, Test Anxiety, Self-Esteem, and Self-Compassion. Psychological Reports, 123(3), 825–843. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294118825099
Borenstein, M. (2009). Effect sizes for continuous data. In H. Cooper, L. V. Hedges, & J. C. Valentine (Eds.), The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis (Second, Vol. 2, pp. 221–235). Russel Sage Foundation.
Breines, J. G., & Chen, S. (2012). Self-Compassion Increases Self-Improvement Motivation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38(9), 1133–1143. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167212445599
Brown, L., Houston, E. E., Amonoo, H. L., & Bryant, C. (2021). Is Self-compassion Associated with Sleep Quality? A Meta-analysis. Mindfulness, 12(1), 82–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01498-0
Christensen, R., Bartels, E. M., Altman, R. D., Astrup, A., & Bliddal, H. (2008). Does the hip powder of Rosa canina (rosehip) reduce pain in osteoarthritis patients? – a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 16(9), 965–972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2008.03.001
Cohen, J. (1960). A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20(1), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316446002000104
Ewert, C., Vater, A., & Schröder-Abé, M. (2021). Self-Compassion and Coping: a Meta-Analysis. Mindfulness, 12(5), 1063–1077. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01563-8
Hajiazizi, A., & Ho, R. (2015). The relationship between Self-Compassion and Academic Procrastination Being Mediated by Shame and Anxiety. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, Forthcoming. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2703405
Hamid, A. R., & Mehdi Reza, S. (2019). The relationship between self-compassion and procrastination: The mediating role of shame and guilt. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 21(4), 233–239. https://doi.org/10.22038/jfmh.2019.14398
Higgins, J. P. T. (2003). Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ, 327(7414), 557–560. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557

Kaftan, O. J., & Freund, A. M. (2020). How to work out and avoid procrastination: The role of goal focus. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 50(3), 145–159. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12646
Holas, P., Kowalczyk, M., Krejtz, I., Wisiecka, K., & Jankowski, T. (2021). The relationship between self-esteem and self-compassion in socially anxious. Current Psychology, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02305-2
Kishimoto, T., Robenzadeh, A., Leucht, C., Leucht, S., Watanabe, K., Mimura, M., Borenstein, M., Kane, J. M., & Correll, C. U. (2014). Long-Acting Injectable with Oral Antipsychotics for Relapse Prevention in Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 40(1), 192–213. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbs150
Kroese, F. M., Nauts, S., Kamphorst, B. A., Anderson, J. H., & de Ridder, D. T. (2016). Bedtime procrastination: a behavioral perspective on sleep insufficiency. In Procrastination, health, and well-being (pp. 93-119). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802862-9.00005-0
Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977). An Application of Hierarchical Kappa-type Statistics in the Assessment of Majority Agreement among Multiple Observers. Biometrics, 33(2), 363. https://doi.org/10.2307/2529786
Leary, M. R., Tate, E. B., Adams, C. E., Batts Allen, A., & Hancock, J. (2007). Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: The implications of treating oneself kindly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(5), 887–904. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.5.887
Lee, K. J., & Lee, S. M. (2022). The role of self-compassion in the academic stress model. Current Psychology, 41(5), 3195–3204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00843-9
Liao, K. Y.-H., Stead, G. B., & Liao, C.-Y. (2021). A Meta-Analysis of the Relation Between Self-Compassion and Self-Efficacy. Mindfulness, 12(8), 1878–1891. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-021-01626-4
MacBeth, A., & Gumley, A. (2012). Exploring compassion: A meta-analysis of the association between self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(6), 545–552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.06.003
Marsh, I. C., Chan, S. W. Y., & MacBeth, A. (2018). Self-compassion and Psychological Distress in Adolescents—a Meta-analysis. Mindfulness, 9(4), 1011–1027. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0850-7
Neff, K. (2003a). Self-Compassion: An Alternative Conceptualization of a Healthy Attitude Toward Oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309032
Neff, K. D., Hsieh, Y.-P., & Dejitterat, K. (2005). Self-compassion, Achievement Goals, and Coping with Academic Failure. Self and Identity, 4(3), 263–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/13576500444000317
Neff, K. D., Kirkpatrick, K. L., & Rude, S. S. (2007). Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(1), 139–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.03.004
Neff, K. D. (2003b). The Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Self-Compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027
Per, M., Schmelefske, E., Brophy, K., Austin, S. B., & Khoury, B. (2022). Mindfulness, Self-compassion, Self-injury, and Suicidal thoughts and Behaviors: a Correlational Meta-analysis. Mindfulness, 13(4), 821–842. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-021-01815-1
Rapoport, O., Bengel, S., Möcklinghoff, S., & Neidhardt, E. (2022). Self-compassion moderates the influence of procrastination on postponing sporting activity. Personality and Individual Differences, 185, 111242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111242
Rozental, A., Forsström, D., Lindner, P., Nilsson, S., Mårtensson, L., Rizzo, A., Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P. (2018). Treating Procrastination Using Cognitive Behavior Therapy: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Treatment Delivered via the Internet or in Groups. Behavior Therapy, 49(2), 180–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2017.08.002
Sirois, F. M. (2014). Procrastination and Stress: Exploring the Role of Self-compassion. Self and Identity, 13(2), 128–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2013.763404
Sirois, F. M.,& Tosti, N. (2012). Lost in the Moment? An Investigation of Procrastination, Mindfulness, and Well-being. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 30(4), 237–248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-012-0151-y.
Sirois, F. M., Nauts, S., & Molnar, D. S. (2019). Self-Compassion and Bedtime Procrastination: an Emotion Regulation Perspective. Mindfulness, 10(3), 434–445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0983-3.
Sabaitytė, E., & Diržytė, A. (2016). Psychological capital, self-compassion, and life satisfaction of unemployed youth. International Journal of Psychology: A Biopsychosocial Approach, 19, 49–69. https://doi.org/10.7220/2345-024X.19.3
Schutte, N. S., & del Pozo de Bolger, A. (2020). Greater Mindfulness is Linked to Less Procrastination. International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, 5(1–2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-019-00025-4
Stainton, M., Lay, C. H., & Flett, G. L. (2000). Trait Procrastinators and Behavior/Trait-Specific Cognitions. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 15(5), 297–312.
Steel, P. (2007). The nature of procrastination: A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 65–94. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65
Tran, M. A. Q., Van Pham, M., Mai, T. T., Le, G. N. H., & Song, G. A. N. (2022). Self-compassion and Students’ Well-Being Among Vietnamese Students: Chain Mediation Effect of Narcissism and Anxiety. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 40(3), 618–633. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-021-00431-1
Van Dam, N. T., Sheppard, S. C., Forsyth, J. P., & Earleywine, M. (2011). Self-compassion is a better predictor than mindfulness of symptom severity and quality of life in mixed anxiety and depression. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25(1), 123–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.08.011
Yang, X., Zhu, J., & Hu, P. (2021). Perceived social support and procrastination in college students: A sequential mediation model of self-compassion and negative emotions. Current Psychology, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01920-3
Zahra, S. E., Dorban, G., & Nainian, M. (2017). The Mediating Role of Self-Compassion in the Relationship Between Anxiety and Procrastination. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 19(9), e11773. https://doi.org/10.5812/zjrms.11773
Zessin, U., Dickhäuser, O., & Garbade, S. (2015). The Relationship Between Self-Compassion and Well-Being: A Meta-Analysis. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 7(3), 340–364. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12051
Zhao, M., Ford, T., Wang, P., & Karl, A. (2021). The role of parenting, self-compassion and friendships in depressive symptoms among young people in the UK and China. Current Psychology, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02485-x

Chapter 3
References
Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411.
Antony, M. M., Bieling, P. J., Cox, B. J., Enns, M. W., & Swinson, R. P. (1998). Psychometric properties of the 42-item and 21-item versions of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales in clinical groups and a community sample. Psychological Assessment, 10(2), 176–181. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.10.2.176
Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5), 469–480. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469
Arnett, J. J. (2007). Emerging Adulthood: What Is It, and What Is It Good For? Child Development Perspectives, 1(2), 68–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2007.00016.x
Baer, R. A. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10, 125–143. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpg015
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using Self-Report Assessment Methods to Explore Facets of Mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191105283504
Balkis, M., & Duru, E. (2007). The Evaluation of the Major Characteristics and Aspects of the Procrastination in the Framework of Psychological Counseling and Guidance. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 7(1), 376–385.
Barutçu Yıldırım, F., & Demir, A. (2020). Self-Handicapping Among University Students: The Role of Procrastination, Test Anxiety, Self-Esteem, and Self-Compassion. Psychological Reports, 123(3), 825–843. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294118825099
Baumeister, R. F., & Newman, L. S. (1994). Self-Regulation of Cognitive Inference and Decision Processes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167294201001
Baumeister, R. F., & Vohs, K. D. (2007). Self-Regulation, Ego Depletion, and Motivation. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 1(1), 115–128. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00001.x
Baumeister, R. F., Stillwell, A. M., & Heatherton, T. F. (1994). Guilt: An interpersonal approach. Psychological Bulletin, 115(2), 243–267. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.115.2.243
Beaumont, E., & Hollins-Martin, C. J. (2015). A narrative review exploring the effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy. Counselling Psychology Review, 30(1), 21–32.
Bergen-Cico, D., Possemato, K., & Cheon, S. (2013). Examining the Efficacy of a Brief Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (Brief MBSR) Program on Psychological Health. Journal of American College Health, 61(6), 348–360. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2013.813853
Billings, A. G., & Moos, R. H. (1984). Coping, stress, and social resources among adults with unipolar depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 877–891. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.46.4.877
Birnie, K., Speca, M., & Carlson, L. E. (2010). Exploring self-compassion and empathy in the context of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). Stress and Health, 26(5), 359–371. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.1305
Blanke, E. S., Riediger, M., & Brose, A. (2018). Pathways to happiness are multidirectional: Associations between state mindfulness and everyday affective experience. Emotion, 18(2), 202–211. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000323
Bluth, K., Roberson, P. N. E., Gaylord, S. A., Faurot, K. R., Grewen, K. M., Arzon, S., & Girdler, S. S. (2016). Does Self-Compassion Protect Adolescents from Stress? Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(4), 1098–1109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0307-3
Bränström, R., Kvillemo, P., Brandberg, Y., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2010). Self-report Mindfulness as a Mediator of Psychological Well-being in a Stress Reduction Intervention for Cancer Patients—A Randomized Study. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 39(2), 151–161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-010-9168-6
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822–848. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822
Carciofo, R., & Jiang, P. (2021). Deliberate and spontaneous mind wandering in Chinese students: Associations with mindfulness, affect, personality, and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 180, 110982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.110982
Chan, K. K. S., Yung, C. S. W., & Nie, G. M. (2020). Self-Compassion Buffers the Negative Psychological Impact of Stigma Stress on Sexual Minorities. Mindfulness, 11(10), 2338–2348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01451-1
Chew, L. C., & Ang, C. S. (2021). The relationship among quiet ego, authenticity, self-compassion and life satisfaction in adults. Current Psychology, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01867-5
Chowdhury, S. F., & Pychyl, T. A. (2018). A critique of the construct validity of active procrastination. Personality and Individual Differences, 120, 7–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.08.016.
Creswell, J. D., & Lindsay, E. K. (2014). How does mindfulness training affect health? A mindfulness stress buffering account. Current directions in psychological science, 23(6), 401-407. https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214145474.
Davis, D. M., & Hayes, J. A. (2011). What are the benefits of mindfulness? A practice review of psychotherapy-related research. Psychotherapy, 48(2), 198–208. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022062
de Oliveira, D. R., Wilson, D., Palace-Berl, F., de Mello Ponteciano, B., Fungaro Rissatti, L., Sardela de Miranda, F., Piassa Pollizi, V., Fuscella, J. C., Mourão Terzi, A., Lepique, A. P., D’Almeida, V., & Demarzo, M. (2021). Mindfulness meditation training effects on quality of life, immune function and glutathione metabolism in service healthy female teachers: A randomized pilot clinical trial. Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health, 18, 100372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100372.
Ewert, C., Gaube, B., & Geisler, F. C. M. (2018). Dispositional self-compassion impacts immediate and delayed reactions to social evaluation. Personality and Individual Differences, 125, 91-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.12.037.
Ferrari, M., Hunt, C., Harrysunker, A., Abbott, M. J., Beath, A. P., & Einstein, D. A. (2019). Self-Compassion Interventions and Psychosocial Outcomes:a Meta-Analysis of RCTs. Mindfulness, 10(8), 1455–1473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01134-6
Fincham, F., & May, R. (2021). My stress led me to procrastinate: Temporal relations between perceived stress and academic procrastination. College Student Journal, 55(4), 413–421. https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/prin/csj/2021/00000055/00000004/art00006
Finlay-Jones, A. L., Rees, C. S., & Kane, R. T. (2015). Self-Compassion, Emotion Regulation and Stress among Australian Psychologists: Testing an Emotion Regulation Model of Self-Compassion Using Structural Equation Modeling. PLOS ONE, 10(7), e0133481. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133481
Folkman, S. (2013). Stress, Coping, and Hope. In B. I. Carr & J. Steel (Eds.), Psychological Aspects of Cancer (pp. 119–127). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4866-2_8
Germer, C. K., & Neff, K. D. (2013). Self-Compassion in Clinical Practice. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(8), 856–867. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22021
Greeson, J. M., Juberg, M. K., Maytan, M., James, K., & Rogers, H. (2014). A Randomized Controlled Trial of Koru: A Mindfulness Program for College Students and Other Emerging Adults. Journal of American College Health, 62(4), 222–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2014.887571
Grunschel, C., Patrzek, J., Klingsieck, K. B., & Fries, S. (2018). “I’ll stop procrastinating now!” Fostering specific processes of self-regulated learning to reduce academic procrastination. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 46(2), 143–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/10852352.2016.1198166
Hair, J. F. (2011). Multivariate Data Analysis: An Overview. In M. Lovric (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Statistical Science (pp. 904–907). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04898-2_395
Hayes, A. F., Montoya, A. K., & Rockwood, N. J. (2017). The Analysis of Mechanisms and Their Contingencies: PROCESS versus Structural Equation Modeling. Australasian Marketing Journal, 25(1), 76–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ausmj.2017.02.001
Helminen, E. C., Scheer, J. R., & Felver, J. C. (2021). Gender Differences in the Associations Between Mindfulness, Self-Compassion, and Perceived Stress Reactivity. Mindfulness, 12(9), 2173–2183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-021-01672-y
Hollis-Walker, L., & Colosimo, K. (2011). Mindfulness, self-compassion, and happiness in non-meditators: A theoretical and empirical examination. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(2), 222–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.09.033
Hülsheger, U. R., Alberts, H. J. E. M., Feinholdt, A., & Lang, J. W. B. (2013). Benefits of mindfulness at work: The role of mindfulness in emotion regulation, emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(2), 310–325. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031313
Hussein, M., Egan, H., & Mantzios, M. (2017). Mindful Construal Diaries: A Less Anxious, More Mindful, and More Self-Compassionate Method of Eating. SAGE Open, 7(2), 215824401770468. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244017704685
Irving, J. A., Dobkin, P. L., & Park, J. (2009). Cultivating mindfulness in health care professionals: A review of empirical studies of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 15(2), 61–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2009.01.002
Johnson, E. A., & O’Brien, K. A. (2013). Self-Compassion Soothes the Savage EGO-Threat System: Effects on Negative Affect, Shame, Rumination, and Depressive Symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 32(9), 939–963. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2013.32.9.939
Johnson, S., Gur, R. M., David, Z., & Currier, E. (2015). One-Session Mindfulness Meditation: A Randomized Controlled Study of Effects on Cognition and Mood. Mindfulness, 6(1), 88–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-013-0234-6
Joseph, N., Nallapati, A., Machado, M. X., Nair, V., Matele, S., Muthusamy, N., & Sinha, A. (2021). Assessment of academic stress and its coping mechanisms among medical undergraduate students in a large Midwestern university. Current Psychology, 40(6), 2599–2609. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00963-2
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpg016
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). Constructivism in the Human Sciences, 8(2), 73–107.
Kamran, W., & Fatima, I. (2013). Emotional intelligence, anxiety and procrastination in intermediate science students. Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 11(2), 3–6.
Karyadi, K. A., & Cyders, M. A. (2015). Elucidating the Association Between Trait Mindfulness and Alcohol Use Behaviors Among College Students. Mindfulness, 6(6), 1242–1249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-015-0386-7
Kelly, A., Katan, A., Sosa Hernandez, L., Nightingale, B., & Geller, J. (2021). Why would I want to be more self‐compassionate? A qualitative study of the pros and cons to cultivating self‐compassion in individuals with anorexia nervosa. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 60(1), 99–115. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12275
Keyte, R., Mullis, L., Egan, H., Hussain, M., Cook, A., & Mantzios, M. (2021). Self-Compassion and Instagram Use Is Explained by the Relation to Anxiety, Depression, and Stress. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 6(2), 436–441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41347-020-00186-z
Khoury, B. (2019). Compassion: Embodied and Embedded. Mindfulness, 10(11), 2363–2374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01211-w
Kiamarsi, A., & Abolghasemi, A. (2014). The Relationship of Procrastination and Self-efficacy with Psychological Vulnerability in Students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 114, 858–862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.797
Kirby, J. N., Tellegen, C. L., & Steindl, S. R. (2017). A Meta-Analysis of Compassion-Based Interventions: Current State of Knowledge and Future Directions. Behavior Therapy, 48(6), 778–792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2017.06.003
Kneavel, M. (2021). Relationship Between Gender, Stress, and Quality of Social Support. Psychological Reports, 124(4), 1481–1501. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294120939844
Kotera, Y., Taylor, E., Fido, D., Williams, D., & Tsuda-McCaie, F. (2021). Motivation of UK graduate students in education: self-compassion moderates pathway from extrinsic motivation to intrinsic motivation. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02301-6
Kriakous, S. A., Elliott, K. A., Lamers, C., & Owen, R. (2021). The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on the Psychological Functioning of Healthcare Professionals: a Systematic Review. Mindfulness, 12(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01500-9
Kim, K. R., & Seo, E. H. (2015). The relationship between procrastination and academic performance: A meta-analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 82, 26-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.02.038.
Le, M. T. H., Tran, T. D., Holton, S., Nguyen, H. T., Wolfe, R., & Fisher, J. (2017). Reliability, convergent validity and factor structure of the DASS-21 in a sample of Vietnamese adolescents. PLOS ONE, 12(7), e0180557. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180557
Madjid, A., Sutoyo, D. A., & Shodiq, S. F. (2021). Academic procrastination among students: the influence of social support and resilience mediated by religious character. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan, 40(1), 56–69. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v40i1.34641
Mantzios, M., & Wilson, J. C. (2015). Exploring Mindfulness and Mindfulness with Self-Compassion-Centered Interventions to Assist Weight Loss: Theoretical Considerations and Preliminary Results of a Randomized Pilot Study. Mindfulness, 6(4), 824–835. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-014-0325-z
Mantzios, M., Wilson, J. C., Linnell, M., & Morris, P. (2015). The Role of Negative Cognition, Intolerance of Uncertainty, Mindfulness, and Self-Compassion in Weight Regulation Among Male Army Recruits. Mindfulness, 6(3), 545–552. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-014-0286-2.
Maheux, A., & Price, M. (2016). The indirect effect of social support on post-trauma psychopathology via self-compassion. Personality and Individual Differences, 88, 102-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.051.
Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227–238. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.227
Masten, A. S. (2007). Resilience in developing systems: Progress and promise as the fourth wave rises. Development and Psychopathology, 19(3), 921–930. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579407000442
Neff, K. (2003a). Self-Compassion: An Alternative Conceptualization of a Healthy Attitude Toward Oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309032
Neff, K. D. (2003b). The Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Self-Compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027
Neff, K. D., Hsieh, Y.-P., & Dejitterat, K. (2005). Self-compassion, Achievement Goals, and Coping with Academic Failure. Self and Identity, 4(3), 263–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/13576500444000317.
Neff, K. D., & McGehee, P. (2010). Self-compassion and psychological resilience among adolescents and young adults. Self and identity, 9(3), 225-240. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860902979307.
Neff, K., & Germer, C. (2017). Self-Compassion and Psychological Well-. In E. M. Seppälä, E. Simon-Thomas, S. L. Brown, M. C. Worline, C. D. Cameron, & J. R. Doty (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Compassion Science. (Vol. 1, pp. 371–385). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464684.001.0001
Nguyen, T. M. H. (2019). Mindfulness, nonattachment and life satisfaction of students: what are contributions to positive psychology? In Proceedings of the International Conference on Healthy Behavior in Modern Society. Hanoi: Hanoi University of Social Sciences and Humanity (USSH), Hanoi, Vietnam, pp. 252-265.
Niksirat, K. S., Silpasuwanchai, C., Cheng, P., & Ren, X. (2019). Attention Regulation Framework. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 26(6), 1–44. https://doi.org/10.1145/3359593
Norton, P. J. (2007). Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21): Psychometric analysis across four racial groups. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 20(3), 253–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615800701309279
Pan, W., & Sun, L.-Y. (2018). A Self-Regulation Model of Zhong Yong Thinking and Employee Adaptive Performance. Management and Organization Review, 14(1), 135–159. https://doi.org/10.1017/mor.2017.33
Per, M., Simundic, A., Argento, A., Khoury, B., & Heath, N. (2022). Examining the Relationship Between Mindfulness, Self-Compassion, and Emotion Regulation in Self-Injury. Archives of Suicide Research, 26(3), 1286–1301. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2021.1885534
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
Rozental, A., & Carlbring, P. (2014). Understanding and Treating Procrastination: A Review of a Common Self-Regulatory Failure. Psychology, 5(13), 1488–1502. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2014.513160
Shapiro, S. L., Brown, K. W., & Biegel, G. M. (2007). Teaching self-care to caregivers: Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on the mental health of therapists in training. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 1(2), 105–115. https://doi.org/10.1037/1931-3918.1.2.105
Skowronski, M., & Mirowska, A. (2013). A manager’s guide to workplace procrastination. SAM Advanced Management Journal, 78(3), 4–27.
Stead, R., Shanahan, M. J., & Neufeld, R. W. J. (2010). “I’ll go to therapy, eventually”: Procrastination, stress and mental health. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(3), 175–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.03.028
Steel, P. (2007). The nature of procrastination: A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 65–94. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65
Steel, P., & Ferrari, J. (2013). Sex, Education and Procrastination: An Epidemiological Study of Procrastinators’ Characteristics from A Global Sample. European Journal of Personality, 27(1), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.1851
Stutts, L. A., Leary, M. R., Zeveney, A. S., & Hufnagle, A. S. (2018). A longitudinal analysis of the relationship between self-compassion and the psychological effects of perceived stress. Self and Identity, 17(6), 609–626. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2017.1422537.
Schutte, N. S., & del Pozo de Bolger, A. (2020). Greater mindfulness is linked to less procrastination. International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, 5(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-019-00025-4.
Sedighimornani, N., Rimes, K. A., & Verplanken, B. (2019). Exploring the relationships between mindfulness, self-compassion, and shame. Sage Open, 9(3), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019866294.
Schlotz, W., Phillips, D. I., & Hertfordshire Cohort Study Group. (2013). Birth weight and perceived stress reactivity in older age. Stress and Health, 29(1), 56-63. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2425.
Sirois, F. M. (2014). Procrastination and Stress: Exploring the Role of Self-compassion. Self and Identity, 13(2), 128–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2013.763404
Sirois, F. M., & Tosti, N. (2012). Lost in the Moment? An Investigation of Procrastination, Mindfulness, and Well-being. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 30(4), 237–248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-012-0151-y.
Sirois, F. M., Nauts, S., & Molnar, D. S. (2019). Self-Compassion and Bedtime Procrastination: an Emotion Regulation Perspective. Mindfulness, 10(3), 434–445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0983-3.
Tarrasch, R., Berger, R., & Grossman, D. (2020). Mindfulness and Compassion as Key Factors in Improving teacher’s Well Being. Mindfulness, 11(4), 1049–1061. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01304-x
Tian, L., & Heppner, P. P. (2018). The Development and Validation of a Chinese Proactive Coping Inventory Among Chinese College Students. International Perspectives in Psychology, 7(1), 19–34. https://doi.org/10.1037/ipp0000081
Tran, M. A. Q., Van Pham, M., Mai, T. T., Le, G. N. H., & Song, G. A. N. (2021). Self-compassion and Students’ Well-Being Among Vietnamese Students: Chain Mediation Effect of Narcissism and Anxiety. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 40(3), 618–633. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-021-00431-1.
Tran, M. A. Q., Khoury, B., Chau, N. N. T., Van Pham, M., Dang, A. T. N., Ngo, T. V., ... & Le Dao, A. K. (2022). The Role of Self-Compassion on Psychological Well-Being and Life Satisfaction of Vietnamese Undergraduate Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Hope as a Mediator. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-022-00487-7.
Tu, A. H., Tran, Q. A. M., Lin, C. Y., Khoury, B., Que, L. N. (under review). Facebook Addiction and High School Students' Sleep Quality: The Serial Mediation of Procrastination and Life Satisfaction and the Moderation of Self-Compassion.
Van Dam, N. T., Sheppard, S. C., Forsyth, J. P., & Earleywine, M. (2011). Self-compassion is a better predictor than mindfulness of symptom severity and quality of life in mixed anxiety and depression. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25(1), 123–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.08.011
Van Dam, N. T., van Vugt, M. K., Vago, D. R., Schmalzl, L., Saron, C. D., Olendzki, A., Meissner, T., Lazar, S. W., Kerr, C. E., Gorchov, J., Fox, K. C. R., Field, B. A., Britton, W. B., Brefczynski-Lewis, J. A., & Meyer, D. E. (2018). Mind the Hype: A Critical Evaluation and Prescriptive Agenda for Research on Mindfulness and Meditation. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(1), 36–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617709589
Virgili, M. (2015). Mindfulness-Based Interventions Reduce Psychological Distress in Working Adults:a Meta-Analysis of Intervention Studies. Mindfulness, 6(2), 326–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-013-0264-0
Volkaert, B., Verbeken, S., Debeuf, T., Michels, N., & Braet, C. (2022). Training Self-compassion: Exploring the Effects on Adolescents’ Physiological and Self-reported Stress Responses. Mindfulness, 13(4), 897–907. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01838-2
Weis, R., Ray, S. D., & Cohen, T. A. (2021). Mindfulness as a way to cope with COVID‐19‐related stress and anxiety. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(1), 8–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12375
Wilson, A. C., Mackintosh, K., Power, K., & Chan, S. W. Y. (2019). Effectiveness of Self-Compassion Related Therapies: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Mindfulness, 10(6), 979–995. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-1037-6
Wisener, M., & Khoury, B. (2019). Associations Between Specific Mindfulness Facets, Self-Compassion, Internally Motivated Drinking, and Alcohol-Related Problems. Mindfulness, 10(10), 2073–2081. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01172-0
Wisener, M., & Khoury, B. (2021). Specific emotion-regulation processes explain the relationship between mindfulness and self-compassion with coping-motivated alcohol and marijuana use. Addictive Behaviors, 112, 106590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106590
Yang, X., Zhu, J., & Hu, P. (2021). Perceived social support and procrastination in college students: A sequential mediation model of self-compassion and negative emotions. Current Psychology, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01920-3
Zarick, L. M., & Stonebraker, R. (2009). I’ll do it Tomorrow: The Logic of Procrastination. College Teaching, 57(4), 211–215. https://doi.org/10.1080/87567550903218687
Zessin, U., Dickhäuser, O., & Garbade, S. (2015). The Relationship Between Self-Compassion and Well-Being: A Meta-Analysis. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 7(3), 340–364. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12051
Zhang, Y., Luo, X., Che, X., & Duan, W. (2016). Protective Effect of Self-Compassion to Emotional Response among Students with Chronic Academic Stress. Frontiers in Psychology, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01802
Ziegler, N., & Opdenakker, M.-C. (2018). The development of academic procrastination in first-year secondary education students: The link with metacognitive self-regulation, self-efficacy, and effort regulation. Learning and Individual Differences, 64, 71–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2018.04.009
Chapter 4
References
Barutçu Yıldırım, F., & Demir, A. (2020). Self-Handicapping Among University Students: The Role of Procrastination, Test Anxiety, Self-Esteem, and Self-Compassion. Psychological Reports, 123(3), 825–843. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294118825099
Bluth, K., & Eisenlohr‐Moul, T. A. (2017). Response to a mindful self‐compassion intervention in teens: A within‐person association of mindfulness, self‐compassion, and emotional well‐being outcomes. Journal of Adolescence, 57, 108–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.04.001
Bluth, K., Roberson, P. N. E., Gaylord, S. A., Faurot, K. R., Grewen, K. M., Arzon, S., & Girdler, S. S. (2016). Does Self-Compassion Protect Adolescents from Stress? Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(4), 1098–1109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0307-3
Chowdhury, S. F., & Pychyl, T. A. (2018). A critique of the construct validity of active procrastination. Personality and Individual Differences, 120, 7–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.08.016
Ewert, C., Vater, A., & Schröder-Abé, M. (2021). Self-Compassion and Coping: a Meta-Analysis. Mindfulness, 12(5), 1063–1077. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01563-8
Fuschia, S. M. (2014). Procrastination and Stress: Exploring the Role of Self-compassion. Self and Identity, 13(2), 128–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2013.763404
Fuschia, S. M., & Tosti, N. (2012). Lost in the Moment? An Investigation of Procrastination, Mindfulness, and Well-being. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 30(4), 237–248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-012-0151-y
Fuschia, S. M., Nauts, S., & Molnar, D. S. (2019). Self-Compassion and Bedtime Procrastination:an Emotion Regulation Perspective. Mindfulness, 10(3), 434–445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0983-3
Hajiazizi, A., & Ho, R. (2015). The relationship between Self-Compassion and Academic Procrastination Being Mediated by Shame and Anxiety. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, Forthcoming. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2703405
Helminen, E. C., Scheer, J. R., & Felver, J. C. (2021). Gender Differences in the Associations Between Mindfulness, Self-Compassion, and Perceived Stress Reactivity. Mindfulness, 12(9), 2173–2183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-021-01672-y
Keyte, R., Mullis, L., Egan, H., Hussain, M., Cook, A., & Mantzios, M. (2021). Self-Compassion and Instagram Use Is Explained by the Relation to Anxiety, Depression, and Stress. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 6(2), 436–441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41347-020-00186-z
Kotera, Y., Taylor, E., Fido, D., Williams, D., & Tsuda-McCaie, F. (2021). Motivation of UK graduate students in education: self-compassion moderates pathway from extrinsic motivation to intrinsic motivation. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02301-6
Krieger, T., Reber, F., von Glutz, B., Urech, A., Moser, C. T., Schulz, A., & Berger, T. (2019). An Internet-Based Compassion-Focused Intervention for Increased Self-Criticism: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior Therapy, 50(2), 430–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2018.08.003
Neff, K. (2003a). Self-Compassion: An Alternative Conceptualization of a Healthy Attitude Toward Oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309032
Neff, K. D. (2003b). The Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Self-Compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027
Neff, K. D., & McGehee, P. (2010). Self-compassion and Psychological Resilience Among Adolescents and Young Adults. Self and Identity, 9(3), 225–240. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860902979307
Rapoport, O., Bengel, S., Möcklinghoff, S., & Neidhardt, E. (2022). Self-compassion moderates the influence of procrastination on postponing sporting activity. Personality and Individual Differences, 185, 111242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111242
Schutte, N. S., & del Pozo de Bolger, A. (2020). Greater Mindfulness is Linked to Less Procrastination. International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, 5(1–2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-019-00025-4
Steel, P. (2007). The nature of procrastination: A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 65–94. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65.
Sirois, F. M. (2014). Procrastination and Stress: Exploring the Role of Self-compassion. Self and Identity, 13(2), 128–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2013.763404
Sirois, F. M., & Tosti, N. (2012). Lost in the Moment? An Investigation of Procrastination, Mindfulness, and Well-being. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 30(4), 237–248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-012-0151-y.
Sirois, F. M., Nauts, S., & Molnar, D. S. (2019). Self-Compassion and Bedtime Procrastination: an Emotion Regulation Perspective. Mindfulness, 10(3), 434–445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0983-3.
Volkaert, B., Verbeken, S., Debeuf, T., Michels, N., & Braet, C. (2022). Training Self-compassion: Exploring the Effects on Adolescents’ Physiological and Self-reported Stress Responses. Mindfulness, 13(4), 897–907. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01838-2
Yang, X., Zhu, J., & Hu, P. (2021). Perceived social support and procrastination in college students: A sequential mediation model of self-compassion and negative emotions. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01920-3