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研究生: 陳俐璇
Chen, Li-Shuan
論文名稱: 以紅血球生成素治療慢性C型肝炎併用 Ribavirin 與 Pegylated Interferon Alfa引起貧血之研究
Treatment of Ribavirin/Pegylated Interferon Alfa - Induced Anemia with Erythropoietin in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C
指導教授: 張定宗
Chang, Ting-Tsung
蔡瑞真
Tsai, Jui-Chen
莊善安
Chuang, Shan-An
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 醫學院 - 臨床藥學研究所
Institute of Clinical Pharmacy
論文出版年: 2006
畢業學年度: 94
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 159
中文關鍵詞: 貧血紅血球生成素C 型肝炎干擾素ribavirin
外文關鍵詞: interferon alfa, ribavirin, anemia, hepatitis C virus, erythropoietin
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  • 研究背景:
       依據世界衛生組織的統計,全球約3﹪的人口感染C型肝炎,而台灣C型肝炎帶原者約有三十萬人。長效型干擾素(pegylated interferon)與ribavirin的合併療法為目前C型肝炎的標準治療方式,而貧血是臨床上使用合併療法後常發生的ㄧ個副作用,其主要是由合併療法藥物中的ribavirin所導致。臨床上多採用減低ribavirin治療劑量的方式來減緩貧血的不適症狀,但已有許多研究證實ribavirin劑量的減低對於最後療效會有負面的影響,因此近年來開始使用紅血球生成素作為替代的貧血處理方式,以減少ribavirin減量的機會。雖然國外已有兩篇研究證實紅血球生成素具有維持ribavirin治療劑量、提升血色素值以及改善病患生活品質的效果,但目前仍欠缺國人的相關研究。
    研究目的:
       本研究評估在南部某兩家醫院紅血球生成素之使用方式下,對於其因接受C型肝炎合併療法而引起貧血之病患,是否具有維持ribavirin 治療劑量以及提升血色素值之效果。 
    研究方法:
       本研究為回溯性世代觀察研究,以民國九十二年十月一日至九十四年四月三十日期間,於國立成功大學醫學院附設醫院以及嘉義基督教醫院之腸胃內科參與「全民健康保險加強慢性C型肝炎治療試辦計畫」且曾經於pegylated interferon alfa-2b與ribavirin的合併療法中出現貧血之慢性C型肝炎病患為研究對象,以病患在二十四週療程中是否曾使用紅血球生成素做為分組依據-曾使用紅血球生成素治療者為治療組,未曾使用者為對照組,分析兩組於療程內ribavirin治療劑量維持的比率,另外,以第十二週至第二十週期間使用紅血球生成素的總劑量大於8,000U的治療組病患與所有對照組病患為分析對象,分析這些病患在第十二週至第二十週內血色素值之變化量及ribavirin每日使用劑量之變化量。
    研究結果:
       共有88位病患納入分析,其中治療組55人,對照組33人。治療組病患皆使用epoetin beta且與國外相關研究比較,本研究所使用紅血球生成素的劑量皆遠低於國外。兩組在ribavirin 治療劑量維持的比率並無差異(70.9% vs 66.7%, P = 0.676)。但隨著貧血程度愈嚴重,治療組對於ribavirin 治療劑量的維持效果愈明顯,在血色素值曾經低於11.0 g/dL的貧血族群中,使用紅血球生成素的總劑量高於14,000U的治療組病患,其ribavirin 治療劑量維持的比率較對照組高(78.9% vs 45.0%, P = 0.029)。在血色素變化量的分析方面, 第十二週至第十六週期間使用紅血球生成素的總劑量高於8,000U的治療組病患,其四週內的血色素增加量高於對照組( +0.41g/dL vs -0.25 g/dL, P = 0.042),而第十二週至第二十週期間使用紅血球生成素的總劑量為10,000U至14,000U之間或高於16,000U的治療組病患,此八週之血色素增加量亦高於對照組( +0.60 g/dL vs -0.32 g/dL, P = 0.023 ; +0.70 g/dL vs -0.32 g/dL, P = 0.023)。
    結論:
       與國外相關研究相比,如此低劑量的紅血球生成素不僅對特定的貧血族群有維持ribavirin治療劑量的效果,同時對於血色素值也具有ㄧ定的提升效果。

    BACKGROUND:

    The World Health Organization estimates that 3% of world’s population is infected with the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and there are 300,000 people with HCV infection in Taiwan. The current standard of therapy is a combination of pegylated interferon and ribavirin (RBV). A common adverse effect associated with this therapy is anemia. The effect of RBV on the development of anemia is considered greater than that of interferon. The current standard of practice for treating this adverse effect is reduction of the dose of RBV. However, increasing evidence indicates that decreasing the RBV dose may compromise treatment success. In recent years, erythropoietin has been used as a novel alternative to RBV dose reduction. There were two researches which proved that epoetin alfa significantly maintained RBV dose and increased hemoglobin (Hb) levels, and improved quality of life for anemic HCV-infected patients receiving combination therapy. However, there is no related research in Taiwan so far.

    OBJECTIVE:

    To assess whether erythropoietin could maintain RBV dose and increase Hb levels in anemic HCV-infected patients under current combination therapy in two hospitals in Southern Taiwan.

    METHODS:

    Patients who participated in Enforcing Hepatitis C Trial Treatment Program of Bureau of National Health Insurance in Chiayi Christian Hospital and National Cheng-Kung University Hospital between October 2003 and April 2005 were enrolled for this retrospective cohort study. Enrolled patients were needed to develop anemia (Hb < 12 g/dL) during the pegylated interferon alfa-2b/RBV combination therapy. These patients were categorized according whether erythropoietin was used within 24 weeks of combination therapy or not. RBV dose maintenance rate was compared between patients treated with or without erythropoietin. Change in Hb levels and RBV dosage from the 12th to the 20th week were compared between patients whose total dosage of erythropoietin were over 8,000U during this period and patients not received erythropoietin treatment.

    RESULTS:

       Of 88 patients enrolled, 55 were in treated group and 33 were in untreated group. Patients in treated group received much lower dose of epoetin beta as compared with the dose which used in previous studies. No significant difference was found in RBV dose maintenance rate between the two groups (70.9% vs 66.7%, P = 0.676). Nevertheless, the difference of RBV dose maintenance rate between the two groups became larger as the severity of anemia increased. For patients whose Hb has been less than 11.0 g/dL, higher RBV dose maintenance rate could significantly achieved when received at least 14,000U of epoetin beta compared with patients without epoetin beta treatment during combination therapy (78.9% vs 45.0%, P = 0.029). The mean Hb change from the 12th to the 16th week was +0.41g/dL in treated group with epoetin beta dosage more than 8,000U versus -0.25 g/dL in untreated group (P = 0.042). The mean Hb changes from the 12th to the 20th week was +0.60 g/dL and +0.70 g/dL in treated group which epoetin beta dosage was 10,000 to 14,000U and more than 16,000U, respectively, whereas it was -0.32 g/dL in untreated group (P = 0.023 for both).

    CONCLUSIONS:

    Lower dose of epoetin beta compared with which used in previous studies maintains adequate RBV dose in certain anemic HCV-infected patients receiving combination therapy. In addition, lower dose of epoetin beta can also increase Hb levels to alleviate HCV combination therapy-induced anemia.

    中文摘要 I Abstract IV 誌謝 VII 目錄 VIII 表目錄 XII 圖目錄 XIII 第一篇 以紅血球生成素治療慢性C型肝炎病患併用 Ribavirin 與 Pegylated Interferon Alfa 引起貧血之研究 1 第一章 研究背景 1 第二章 文獻回顧 5 第一節 C型肝炎之流行病學 5 第二節 C型肝炎之自然病史 7 第三節 慢性C型肝炎之藥物治療 8 3.1 藥物治療效果之評估 8 3.2 慢性C型肝炎之藥物治療發展及臨床療效 12 3.3 慢性C型肝炎藥物治療之副作用 24 3.3.1 傳統型或長效型干擾素 24 3.3.2 Ribavirin  29 3.3.3 合併療法 30 第四節 Ribavirin 與干擾素合併療法引起之貧血 32 4.1 定義及發生率 32 4.2 作用機轉 36 4.2.1 Ribavirin  36 4.2.2 干擾素 40 4.3 危險因子 43 4.4 處理方式及對臨床治療之影響 46 第五節 紅血球生成素治療 Ribavirin 與 長效型干擾素合併療法引起之貧血 54 5.1 紅血球生成素的介紹 54 5.2 紅血球生成素之作用機轉 57 5.2 紅血球生成素之作用機轉 57 5.3 臨床研究 59 第三章 研究目的 63 第四章 研究方法 64 第一節 研究設計 64 1.1 研究類型 64 1.2 研究時間及研究對象 64 1.3 納入標準 65 1.4 排除標準 65 第二節 研究流程 66 第三節 評估指標之定義與分析對象 69 3.1 評估指標 69 3.2 評估指標之定義 69 3.3 評估指標之分析對象 70 第四節 統計方法 72 4.1 統計模式設定 72 4.2 資料分析方法 72 4.3 資料管理軟體及統計分析軟體 73 第伍章 研究結果 74 第一節 病患之基本資料 74 第二節 維持Ribavirin治療劑量之比率 81 第三節 血色素變化量與Ribavirin每日使用劑量之變化量 97 第陸章 討論 104 第一節 病患之基本資料 104 第二節 維持Ribavirin治療劑量之比率 108 第三節 血色素變化量與Ribavirin每日使用劑量之變化量 115 第四節 研究限制 119 第五節 未來研究方向 120 第柒章 結語 121 第二篇 臨床藥事服務 123 第一章 目的 123 第二章 方法 124 第三章 記錄方式 125 第四章 結果 126 參考文獻 151

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