在全球氣候變遷與極端高溫頻率上升的背景下，都市建築冷房能源需求快速增加，加劇能源分配不均與社會弱勢暴露於能源風險之下。隨著ESG（環境、社會與治理）永續標準逐漸成為政策與產業實踐的共識，建築部門的能源韌性與氣候調適能力成為城市治理關鍵指標之一。本研究以IPCC氣候風險架構為理論基礎，建構「都市建築能源脆弱評估指標」，針對氣候危害（Hazard）、暴露（Exposure）與脆弱度（Vulnerability）進行量化分析，提出一套具空間尺度應用能力的能源風險辨識工具。
本研究以冷房度時（Cooling Degree Hours, CDH）為危害指標，透過TReAD與HiRAM兩種高解析氣候資料進行都市高冷房負荷的評估，並結合建築地籍、人口統計、社經資料與空間圖資，建立能源暴露模型與脆弱指標。在升溫2°C情境下，全台75%共259個行政區的CDH超過15,000°C-hour，顯示冷房需求高風險區域擴大。其中台中、台南、高雄、台北等都會區核心地帶之建築密集區尤為顯著。
為量化能源脆弱性，本研究採用等權重法與主成分分析法（PCA）建構能源脆弱度指標（Energy Vulnerability Index, EVI），並以行政區與村里為兩種空間尺度進行比較。PCA法在統計性與空間辨識能力方面優於等權重法，其EVI標準差為1.545，可揭示更多細部變異。在空間相關性分析中，PCA方法下46.46%的行政區呈顯著聚集現象，高於等權重法之37.7%，更適合應用於高密度的都會區。
本研究建議未來能源調適政策應採多尺度、分層應用策略：以等權重法快速掌握全區風險分佈，並於焦點區域導入PCA進行更精細分析與社區層級治理。研究成果可支援中央與地方政府推動建築節能補助、社宅新建改造、弱勢族群補貼與都市更新等具體政策，並呼應能源正義與氣候調適的全球永續目標。

Under global climate change, rising cooling energy demand in urban areas increases energy inequality and risks, especially for vulnerable groups. This study adopts the IPCC climate risk framework to develop an Energy vulnerability index (EVI), integrating hazard, exposure, and vulnerability indicators. Using Cooling degree hours (CDH) as the hazard metric, and high-resolution climate datasets, TReAD and HiRAM. The study assesses spatial cooling loads across Taiwan. Results show that under 2°C warming, 75% of 259 districts exceed 15,000°C-hours, with high-risk zones concentrated in dense metro areas like Taipei, Taichung, Tainan, and Kaohsiung.
EVI is constructed using both equal weight and principal component analysis (PCA) methods. PCA outperforms the equal weight method in identifying spatial clusters (46.46% vs. 37.7%) and capturing index variation (SD = 1.545). The study recommends applying the equal weight method for rapid large-scale assessments and PCA for detailed analysis in priority zones.
The findings support multi-scale energy adaptation strategies, including subsidies for building retrofits, social housing improvements, and targeted policies for climate resilience and energy justice aligned with ESG and SDG goals.

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