記憶的種類有很多種，不同類型的記憶在不同腦區形成，例如空間記憶在海馬迴(Hippocampus)形成，情緒記憶則在杏仁核(Amygdala)形成。大腦杏仁核(Amygdala)位於大腦邊緣系統(limbic system)的顳葉中，由許多核區所組成的複合體，是負責情緒調控、掌管恐懼記憶形成與表現的中樞。若破壞杏仁核，幾乎完全破壞動物體的恐懼學習。在人類也有類似的結果，因此杏仁核的腦神經細胞是研究恐懼記憶形成機制的主角。
　　在之前的研究顯示，長期記憶的形成需要新的基因轉錄和蛋白質合成，其中發現PI-3Kinase Signaling Pathway可能扮演重要的角色。在恐懼訓練(fear conditioning)後的老鼠，其Amygdala中PI3-Kinase下游蛋白質AKT會磷酸化增加活性，進而活化下游轉錄因子，產生新的蛋白質。所以我們clone出PI3K、AKT和PTEN等PI-3 Kinase pathway的基因，利用腺病毒載體(Adenovirus)，將不同基因送入Amygdala中，在過度表現AKT或抑制AKT磷酸化時，觀察是否會影響老鼠對恐懼記憶的形成或表現。目前實驗發現，利用腺病毒帶入dominant-negative AKT和PTEN等抑制AKT磷酸化的基因的確會減弱老鼠的恐懼記憶，未來則會進一部探討其更詳細的訊息傳遞路徑，同時並觀察，若給予過度表現的基因，是否會增加其恐懼記憶的形成。

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