使用土壤以開發新型混凝土材料之研究於國內外已屬一種新興的研究領域，此新領域的研究前景乃在研發多種可供生態工法利用並能永續經營之工程材料。本研究共研發三種新的工程材料：第一種材料為預拌土壤材料,可供地下結構物回填使用；第二種材料為改良式預拌土壤材料，此材料可預防乾縮裂縫，供陸面以上非主體結構使用；第三種材料為環保型土壤材料，因其強度已達20 MPa以上，已可供主體結構體使用。
研究結果顯示：（a）預拌土壤材料可擁有安全性，環保性，經濟性，施工快速性及滿足日後可再開挖性要求的諸多利益。（b）模擬大自然雅丹地質中泥岩與石膏的膠結情形，開發以石膏增加至粘土質土壤中充當改良材，再將此經改良之土壤以水泥相連接成改良式預拌土壤材料以防止乾縮裂縫。（c）將土壤礦物高溫加熱, 添加活性礦物, 使用強鹼將礦物解聚矽及鋁單體及使用水玻璃重新聚合成類似沸石結構之土壤聚合物，可研發供主體結構體使用並可完全循環再生，作為環保型土壤材料。

Development of novel concrete materials using soil is an emerging discipline of research both domestically and internationally. The prospect of this new discipline is the creation of a wide range of engineering materials for the use in ecological construction methods and materials that can be used perpetually. Three soil materials are being developed under this research. The first material named ready-mixed soil material can be used for backfilling to underground structures. The second material named modified ready-mixed soil material, is resistant to shrinkage cracks and can be used above ground for non-structural purposes. The third material named environmental soil material has strengths up to 20 MPa, and can be used in main structures.
The results of the study indicate: (a) Ready-mixed soil material has a number of advantages such as safe to use, friendly to the environment, low cost, rapid speed of construction and the ability to re-excavate at a later date. (b) The modeling of cementation between mudstone and gypsum in a natural Yadan topology has lead to the development of a modified soil material. Such material calls for the addition of gypsum to clayey soils as modifying agent. By further mixing cement to this modified soil, the modified ready-mix soil material is resistant to the development of dry shrinkage cracks. (c) By calcinating soil minerals to high temperatures and adding active minerals, silicate and aluminate monomers in soil are disintegrated by use of strong alkalis. Na2SiO4 is used to synthesize a soil polymer that resembles the structure of zeolite. Such material can be fully recycled as an environment friendly soil material that can be further developed for use in main structural members.

[1] Neville, A. M. (1995). Properties of Concrete. Longman Group Limited, England.
[2] Wang, J., and Gee-Clough, D. (1993). “Deformation and Failure in Wet Clay Soil：Part 1, Stress-Strain Relationships.” Engng Res. Agric. J., 54, 37-55.
[3] 南區水資源局（2003），「南化水庫至高屏溪攔河堰聯通管路工程計畫報告」，經濟部水利署。
[4] ACI Committee 229. (1994). “Controlled Low Strength Materials (CLSM).” Concrete Int., 16(7), 55-64.
[5] 吳淵洵（2002），「棄土拌合CLSM之工程性質」，高性能回填材料產制研討會，臺灣營建研究院，第17-31頁。
[6] ACI Committee 230. (1990). “State-of-the-Art Report on Soil Cement.” ACI Materials J., 87(4), 395-417.
[7] 黃兆龍（1997），「混凝土性質與行為」，詹氏書局。
[8] Taylor, H. F. W. (1997). Cement Chemistry. Thomas Telford, London.
[9] Mindess, S., and Young, J. F. (1981). Concrete. Prentice-Hall Inc. Englewood Cliff, N. J.
[10] Mehta, P. K. and Montliro, J. M. (1993). Concrete-Structure, Properties and Materials. Prentice-Hall Inc. Englewood Cliff, N. J.
[11] 張政豐（2003），「高性能低強度回填材料之開發與應用」水利署期刊，第十二期，第23-32頁。
[12] Chen, J. W. and Chang, C. F. (2003). “Development and Application of the Ready-Mixed Soil Material,” 14th International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE), Toulon France, 675-680.
[13] Chang, C. F. and Chen, J. W. (2005). “Modeling of Cementation in Natural Yadan Topology for the Prevention of Dry Shrinkage Cracks in Ready-Mixed Soil Materials,” Revised to ASCE Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering.
[14] ACI Committee 305. (1991). “Hot weather concreting.” ACI Materials J., 417-436.
[15] Shimomura, T. and Maekawa, K. (1997). “Analysis of the drying shrinkage behavior of concrete using a micromechanical model based on the micropore structure of concrete.” Magazine of Concrete Research, 49(181), 303-322.
[16] Smith, J.M. (1981). Chemical Engineering Kinetics. McGraw Hill, New York.
[17] Lee, F. M. (1970). The Chemistry of Cement and Concrete. Anorld, London.
[18] Kuhlman, R. H. (1994). “Cracking in soil cement ─ cause, effect, control.” Concrete Int., 16(8), 56-59.
[19] Altoubat, S. A., and Lange, D. A. (2001). “Creep, shrinkage, and cracking of restrained concrete at early age.” ACI Mat. J., 98(4), 323-331.
[20] Gardner, N. J., and Lockman, M. J. (2001). “Design provisions for drying shrinkage and creep of normal strength concrete.” ACI Mat. J., 98(2), 159-167.
[21] Shah, S. P., Ouyang, C. S., Marikunte, S., Yang, W., and Emil, B. G. (1998). “A method to predict shrinkage cracking of concrete.” ACI Mat. J., 95(4), 55-64.
[22] Whiting, D. A., Detwiler, R. J., and Eric, S. (2000). “Cricking tendency and drying shrinkage of silica fume concrete for bridge deck applications.” ACI Mat. J., 97(1), 71-77.
[23] 吳中偉，廉慧珍（1999），「高性能混凝土」，北京，中國鐵道出版社。
[24] 遲培云，呂平，周宗輝（1999），「現代混凝土技術」，上海，同濟大學出版社。
[25] 陳志華（1983），「外國建築史（十九世紀末期以前）」，北京，中國鐵道出版社。
[26] 周業仁，李千毅（2003），「現代化學」中文譯本，天下文化出版社。
[27] Davidovits, J. (1991). “Geopolymers: Inorganic polymeric new materials.” Thermal Analysis. J., 37, 1633-1656.
[28] Davidovits, J. (2002). “30 years of successes and failures in geopolymer applications. Market trends and potential breakthroughs.” Proc., 2002 Int. Conf. on Geopolymer, Melbourne, Australia, Invited paper.
[29] Glukhovsky, V. D. (1981). Slag-Alkali Concrete Produced from Fine-Grained Aggregate. Vishcha Shkola, Kiev Russia.
[30] 林寶玉，吳紹章（1998），「混凝土工程新材料設計與施工」，北京，中國水利水電出版社。
[31] Collins, F. G., and Sanjayan, J. G. (1999). “Workability and mechanical properties of alkali activated slag concrete.” Cem Concr Res. J., 29(4), 455-458.
[32] 林建三（2005），「預拌土壤材料工程性質之研究」，國立成功大學土木工程學系，碩士論文。
[33] “Standard Test Method for Preparation and Testing of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) Test Cylinders.” (2003). ASTM D4832-02, Annual Book of ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa., 874-877.
[34] Xia, X. C. (1987). Science investigation and research of Luobupo. Science Press, Peking.
[35] 熊厚金、林天健、李宇（2001），「岩土工程化學」，北京，科學出版社。
[36] Holtz, R. D. and Kovacs, W. D. (1981). An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering. Prentice-Hall Inc. Englewood Cliff, N. J.
[37] Feldman, R. F., Chan, G. W., and Brousseau, R. J. (1994). “Investigation of the rapid chloride permeability test.” ACI Mat. J., 91(3), 246-255.
[38] Hardjito, D., Wallah, S. E., Sumajouw, D. M. J., and Rangan, B. V. (2004). “Brief review of development of geopolymer concrete.” Proc., 2004 Int. Conf. on ACI, Los Vegas, USA, Invited paper.