當以MF(Microfiltration)薄膜處理表面水時，自然有機物(NOM)是造成薄膜阻塞現象之最主要物質。NOM可藉由前處理去除並降低後續薄膜阻塞。本研究探討以高錳酸鉀(KMnO4)做為前氧化劑並搭配氯化鐵(FeCl3)混凝，在不同前處理流程下對親水性有機物之去除，與其對後續MF薄膜阻塞之影響。
首先配製氯化鐵及高錳酸鉀藥劑，並以藻酸、蛋白質代表自然水體中的親水性有機物，以模擬天然原水之NOM，配製不同人工原水，水中同時添加適量背景鹽。接著以人工原水進行不同的前處理流程，包含單純混凝及以混凝結合高錳酸鉀前氧化兩種不同瓶杯試驗，以決定適當之混凝劑量。以未經及經各種不同前處理後上澄液，以醋酸纖維材質之MF薄膜進行端點式(Dead-end)過濾，過程中採取原水、混凝後上澄液及薄膜出流水進行水質分析，探討不同前處理流程下有機物去除與MF薄膜阻塞之關係。
實驗結果顯示，氯化鐵做為混凝劑可有效去除蛋白質及藻酸，但藻酸會干擾氯化鐵去穩定之能力，因此所需劑量會較蛋白質為高。兩種有機物都會造成薄膜阻塞。相較於藻酸，蛋白質因不具有伸縮性，容易被薄膜孔洞吸附截留，因此濾液中殘留之蛋白質濃度低且通量下降也嚴重許多。以混凝做為薄膜阻塞之控制，其效果會依有機物及混凝劑加量之不同，而有所不同。在混凝劑加量不足時，兩種人工原水都會有嚴重阻塞，此時，濁度是主導阻塞之機制。
高錳酸鉀做為前氧化劑在此系統中並無明顯幫助有機物之去除，且高錳酸鉀及其還原產物二氧化錳在含有機物的人工原水中，會造成氯化鐵膠羽沉澱性變差，不易沉澱。藻酸人工原水有經前氧化的組別，沉澱後上澄液，殘餘濁度及NPDOC都比未經前氧化為高，進入薄膜系統後形成孔隙度較小之濾餅層，阻塞程度較未經前氧化更為嚴重。
蛋白質則因其不容易被氧化且陰電性相較藻酸為弱，因此影響氯化鐵膠羽沉澱性之情況也較輕。且經高錳酸鉀前氧化後，氯化鐵水解產物可以二氧化錳作為核心，形成較大的膠羽，於薄膜過濾時於膜表面，形成孔隙度較大的濾餅層，可減輕通量下降之速率。

Microfiltration is an emerging technology for drinking water production, but fouling is currently the major problem which may affect it’s wide applications. Natural organic matters (NOM) is generally considered to be the main foulants, especially for surface waters. However, NOM could be removed by pretreatment to mitigate membrane fouling. This study focuses on the effect of pretreatment processes, including oxidation and coagulation, on NOM removal and the following MF membrane fouling control.
Synthetic raw water, containing either alginic acid (AA) or bovine serum albumin (BSA), and with appropriate background ionic strength, was prepared. AA and BSA were to represent hydrophilic NOM. First, the synthetic raw water was subjected to direct coagulation or coagulation after pretreatment by KMnO4 oxidation or by adding lab-prepared MnO2(S). The coagulant used was FeCl3, and various dosages were added. Next, the synthetic raw water and the treated water after coagulation were pushed into the dead-end filtration cell, and filtered through the flat sheet cellulose acetate (CA) MF membrane (with pore size 0.2 μm) under constant pressure mode. The flux decline with time was monitored by collecting the permeate with computerized data acquisition.
The results show that coagulation with FeCl3 could effectively remove AA or BSA. However, AA interfered with floc settling process more significantly than BSA, therefore higher coagulant dosage was required for the former than the latter. Direct filtration of synthetic raw water show that the rejection by MF membrane for BSA was more significant than AA. Therefore, the former also caused severer flux decline than the latter.
The effectiveness of precoagulation on MF membrane fouling control was strongly depended on the type of organics existed in the source water, and also on the coagulant dosage. Insufficient coagulation dosage may caused severe fouling than without precoagulation.
Preoxidation with KMnO4 would retard the coagulation removal of AA by FeCl3, therefore caused severer flux decline in the following MF filtration than that without preoxidation. For water contained BSA, the effect of preoxidation with KMnO4 on organic removal was minor. However, preoxidation induced the formation of larger floc than that without, and may form more porous cake layer on the membrane surface, and reduced flux decline.

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