背景：當中老年人退休後離開職場、失去工作角色、或在調適過程中不順利皆會影響其心理健康。由於高齡化及少子化的快速影響，許多國家開始重視中高齡勞動人口的提升，包括鼓勵延遲退休、延長工作壽命等相關策略。研究指出，中高齡者若選擇銜接式就業(bridge employment)可能有助於退休後逐漸適應並慢慢退休。因此，本研究目的即是探討臺灣中高齡退休者持續就業對其憂鬱症狀變化之影響。
目的：本研究旨是探討中高齡者退休後是否持續工作以及不同工作型態對其三年後憂鬱症狀變化之影響，並進行性別、年齡、退休前職業之分層分析。
方法：本研究為兩波追蹤調查，使用國立成功大學健康城市研究中心「退休規劃與退休歷程對退休後健康狀況之影響調查」資料庫，研究對象為臺灣地區50-74歲公勞保退休人員，排除退休前未實際就業者、基線就業題目遺漏者以及兩波憂鬱題目超過一題遺漏者，全部有效樣本共2,352位。自變項為退休後工作型態，區分別為全職受雇、兼職受雇及自營三種；依變項為10題憂鬱症量表(CESD-10)。資料分析主要以複迴歸模型進行，並針對性別、年齡及退休前職業在不同就業型態與憂鬱變化間進一步分層分析。
結果：首先在退休後是否持續就業分析(Model 1)，以「無工作組」為參考組，調整全部共變項後，持續工作者的憂鬱分數稍微降低但未達顯著的差異。其次，在工作型態(時間與類型)分析中(Model 2)，從事「兼職受雇」者的憂鬱分數有顯著降低(β= -1.02,p =.012)；而且從以上模型發現，退休者的原先職業別、自覺健康、退休時間及有社會參與皆會影響憂鬱症狀之變化。最後，針對性別、年齡及退休前職業別分層分析發現：(1)女性從事「兼職受雇」者的憂鬱分數有顯著降低(β= -2.16,p =.012)，其中退休前為技術人員、自覺健康越佳及有社會參與可幫助憂鬱症狀的改善，(2)年齡層部分，50-59歲繼續工作且從事「兼職受雇」者，其憂鬱分數有顯著降低(β= -1.89,p =.006)，60-64歲選擇從事「兼職受雇」者也呈現降低趨勢(β= -1.33,p =<.001)，(3)在退休前職業別部分，發現僅半技術人員選擇從事「兼職受雇」呈現憂鬱分數的降低(β= -1.70,p =.031)，其中以自覺健康為較佳及有社會參與能預測憂鬱分數的降低。
結論：整體而言，退休後從事銜接式就業是有助於減緩憂鬱症狀，尤其從事兼職受雇工作。另外女性及較年輕的退休者從事「兼職受雇」工作與心理健康的改善有顯著相關，不過需要進一步研究來持續評估退休後繼續工作對心理健康的影響是否能持續更長時間。

Many researches indicated if the middle-aged and elderly people choose bridge employment, it may help to adapt gradually and retire slowly after partial retirement. The purposes of this study were to explore the influence of whether middle-aged and elderly people continuing to work after partial retirement, and their different work styles on the changes in depression symptoms after three years. This study was a two-wave follow-up survey, with a total of 2,352 participants who were between 50 and 74-year-old with public or labor insurance retirees in Taiwan. Depression symptoms were measured using the CESD-10 scale. After adjusting all covariates, the depression scores of continuous workers decreased slightly but did not reach a significant difference. On the other hand, the depression scores of those who engaged in "part-time employment" were significantly reduced (β= -1.02) in the analysis of work patterns (time and type). The study was also further stratified into gender, age, and pre-retirement occupation as follow: (1) women, (2) age groups of 50-59 and 60-64 and (3) semi-technicians, these groups were engaged in "part-time employment" who had a significant decrease in depression scores. On the whole bridge employment can help alleviate depression symptoms after retirement, especially part-time employment. In addition, females and younger retirees engaging in "part-time employment" work are significantly related to the improvement of mental health, but further research is needed to continuously evaluate whether the impact of continuing to work after retirement can last longer on mental health.

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