焚化底渣濕篩污泥(wet-sieving sludge from MSWI bottom ash，BAS)含有鈣、矽等元素，應可合成托伯莫萊土（tobermorite，Ca5(OH)2Si6O16•4H2O）作為功能性建材替代原料之潛力。此外，經由毒性特性溶出程序(toicity characteristic leaching procedure，TCLP)，顯示BAS應無重金屬溶出超過管制標準之疑慮，但因粒徑細小、無法作為骨材之用，故再利用途徑受限，且BAS含碳酸鈣，可能會影響tobermorite生成。本研究以氧化鈣（CaO）、二氧化矽（SiO2）、玻璃纖維（glass fiber）作為原料，經加壓成型與高壓蒸氣養護程序，並分析製品之物化特性，歸納最適操作條件，作為功能性建材基礎研究。此外，嘗試將BAS以調質方式應用於產製功能性建材，並透過耐火測試、批次與長期溶出試驗，評析其再利用之可行性。
研究結果顯示，玻璃纖維對抗彎強度影響較密度顯著，纖維控制在8 wt.%、水固比為1.45 L/kg、Ca/Si莫耳比為0.83，有最佳抗彎強度。碳酸鈣添加量在控制適當Ca/Si下，對tobermorite形成不受影響，而碳酸鈣添加在2 wt.%以下對製品孔隙有填塞效果，抗彎強度因此提升，但添加超過2 wt.%，對製品孔隙與抗彎強度均有負面之影響。加壓程序能排除多餘水分，提高製品抗彎強度與密度，當加壓時間控制在3 min，固定壓力100 kg/cm2時，製品結構與特性已然趨於穩定。高壓蒸氣12 atm，養護時間15小時，製品有最佳抗彎強度約10.10 N/mm2。抗彎強度受纖維、加壓與高壓養護程序之影響，並與平均孔隙直徑呈現負相關。
BAS之反應性鈣、矽分析結果可知，其反應性SiO2約占總SiO2的80.30 %，反應性CaO約占總BAS的2.47 %。將BAS以反應性鈣/矽調質產製功能性建材，製品之抗彎強度、tobermorite水化物形成情形均優於以總鈣/矽調質之製品。此外，以反應性鈣/矽調質方式，殘留較少CaO與SiO2，顯示其反應較為完全。耐火試驗得知，添加15 wt.% BAS之製品於550℃，持溫30 min下，抗彎強度未明顯降低，且優於一般鋼筋混凝土耐火之極限。後續加熱溫度至700℃，因碳酸鈣分解造成製品產生裂縫與抗彎強度下降。當加熱溫度達900℃，製品出現龜狀裂紋，此時，玻璃纖維熔化與tobermorite水化物轉變為矽鈣石（wollastonite，CaSiO3），均導致製品結構破壞，進而影響製品性能表現。
此外，由批次溶出試驗得知，在醋酸水溶液環境下，由BAS產製之製品均符合「有害事業廢棄物認定標準」與綠建材溶出標準。此外，在酸雨、去離子水環境下，重金屬溶出均低於偵測極限。桶槽溶出試驗一般元素以Ca、Si、Na元素有溶出情形，由荷蘭建築材料指令（building material decree，BMD）所管制重金屬元素溶出均低於偵測極限，因此，BAS產製功能性建材應為環境友善、功能性之建材。

This study investigates on development of functional building materials. Furthermore, it was intended to utilize wet-sieving sludge from municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (BAS) in production of functional building materials. Several parameters must be determined including fiber content, calcium to silica ratio (Ca/Si), water to solid ratio (W/S), press time and autoclave curing condition. The products have the highest flexural strength about 10.10 N/mm2 when fiber content, W/S ratio and press time are 8 wt.%, 1.45 L/kg and 3 min. Besides, the products with Ca/Si ratio around 0.83 under 12-atm saturated steam pressure for 15 h would have better formation of tobermoirte (Ca5(OH)2Si6O16•4H2O). In addition, this study investigates unique chemical analysis to define reactive CaO and SiO2 of BAS. Besides, the results reveal that products have better flexural strength and formation of tobermorite comparing to others which using parameters of total SiO2 and CaO in BAS. The products with 15 wt.% BAS have no significant change at 550℃ for 30 min. They exceed the fire-resistance limitation of reinforced concrete. In terms of leaching test, leaching of heavy metals from products meet TCLP and green building material limit under the condition at acetic acid. Furthermore, from tank leaching test, leaching of heavy metals of building material decree (BMD) is not detected.

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