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研究生: 陳運玲
Chen, Yun-Ling
論文名稱: 公車服務IPA分析與運量提升策略之研究 -以臺南市市公車為例-
Importance-Performance Analysis in Bus Service Quality and Promotion Strategies -An Empirical Study of Tainan City Bus -
指導教授: 張有恆
Chang, Yu-Heng
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 管理學院 - 交通管理科學系
Department of Transportation and Communication Management Science
論文出版年: 2010
畢業學年度: 98
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 115
中文關鍵詞: 公車系統服務品質IPA 分析敘述性偏好羅吉特模式運量提升策略
外文關鍵詞: Bus system, Service quality, Importance-Performance Analysis, Stated Preference, Mixed logit, Bus traffic enhancement strategies
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  • 無縫運輸之目標在於鼓勵運具整合,提供民眾可及性、安全、便利與改善環境的大眾運輸工具,本研究以無縫運輸作為公車服務品質衡量之架構,利用重要度-滿意度分析 (Importance-Performance Analysis, IPA)探討乘客對於台南市公車服務品質之知覺與期望,以反應業者所提供服務項目之缺失。研究結果指出,公車的準點度、等車時間、車廂內資訊提供、候車亭/站牌資訊提供為優先改善的服務項目。
    藉由IPA 結果與歷史資料之蒐集,本研究嘗試以敘述性偏好法(Stated Preference Method, SP)結合IPA 方法設計各種不同公車服務屬性情境組合,應用混合羅吉特模型分析SP 資料,以獲得潛在乘客屬性偏好之資訊。
    混合羅吉特結果顯示班距、行車時間、票價對於潛在乘客有負面之顯著影響,而事前資訊取得及候車環境舒適度對於潛在乘客有顯著正面之偏好。透過潛在乘客的社會經濟特性與公車服務屬性之探討,包含性別、年齡、職業、教育程度、平均月收入,以推論不同社會經濟特性之群體,對公車服務屬性選擇的偏好。
    本研究藉由混合羅吉特結果以研擬公車運量提升策略,分別為「改善班次規劃」、「提高公車行車效能」、「建立更完善的大眾運輸資訊管理系統」、「公車候車環境改善」、「提供價格誘因」,並利用敘述性統計探討潛在乘客旅次特徵提出「限制私有運具使用與持有」策略,此研究結果可以作為相關單位未來擬訂提升運量策略之參考。

    The purpose of seamless transport is to encourage transport integration by providing passengers a better public transport system which is achievable, safe, convenient, and better environment protection. This study uses seamless transport concept as a framework to measure bus service quality, and adopts IPA (Importance-Performance Analysis, IPA) to define service quality by understanding the discrepancy between the passengers’ expectations and perceptions.
    This study attempts to combine SP (Stated Preference Method, SP) with IPA to design various bus service scenarios by the discussion of IPA results and the collection of historical data. By applying ML (Mixed Logit Model, ML) to analyze SP data, this study also obtains potential passengers’ preferences information on the attributes.
    The result of ML shows that headway, bus travel time, bus fare have a significant negative relationship with potential passengers’ preference. However, prior information accessible and bus stop comfortability are significantly positive for potential passengers’ preference. Through the discussion between socio-economic characteristics of potential passengers and the bus service attributes, this study infers that different socio-economic characteristics groups will affect the bus service choice.
    The study develops several strategies for improving bus traffic through the result of ML and descriptive statistics. The result of this study can be served as a useful reference for the local governments and bus operators in drafting the bus traffic enhancement strategies in the future.

    摘要.................................................................................................... I Abstract............................................................................................... II 目錄 ................................................................................................ V 表目錄 ………………………………………………………………………………………VII 圖目錄 ………………………………………………………………………………………IX 第一章 緒論 ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究動機 .................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 研究目的 .................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 研究方法 .................................................................................................................. 2 1.4 研究流程 .................................................................................................................. 3 第二章 文獻回顧 ........................................................................................................................ 6 2.1 大眾運輸服務特性 ................................................................................................... 6 2.1.1 公車系統之服務特性 ..................................................................................... 7 2.1.2 台南市大眾運輸發展現況 ............................................................................. 9 2.1.3 與其他縣市公車營運比較 ........................................................................... 12 2.2 服務品質 .......................................................................................................... 15 2.2.1 服務品質定義 ............................................................................................... 15 2.2.2 國內外運輸業服務品質之相關文獻 ........................................................... 15 2.3 無縫運輸 ................................................................................................................. 28 2.4 敘述性偏好法 ......................................................................................................... 37 2.4.1 敘述性偏好法意義與內涵 ........................................................................... 37 2.4.2 敘述性偏好法實驗設計 ............................................................................... 39 2.4.3 敘述性偏好法之衡量方式 ........................................................................... 41 2.5 個體選擇模式 ......................................................................................................... 42 2.5.1 個體選擇模式介紹 ....................................................................................... 42 2.5.2 個體選擇相關文獻 ....................................................................................... 42 2.6 小結 ......................................................................................................................... 43 第三章 研究方法 ...................................................................................................................... 45 3.1 問卷與抽樣設計 ..................................................................................................... 45 3.1.1 台南市公車乘客滿意度問卷 ....................................................................... 45 3.1.2 公車潛在乘客服務屬性偏好問卷 ............................................................... 50 3.2 重要性-滿意度分析 ............................................................................................. 56 3.3 個體選擇行為模式 ................................................................................................. 57 3.4 多項羅吉特模式 ..................................................................................................... 59 3.4.1 選擇機率形式 ............................................................................................... 59 3.5 混合羅吉特模式 ..................................................................................................... 61 3.6 適合度檢定與屬性偏好異質性 ............................................................................. 62 3.6.1 適合度檢定 ................................................................................................... 62 3.6.2 屬性偏好異質性 ........................................................................................... 62 3.7 小結 ......................................................................................................................... 63 第四章 實證分析 ...................................................................................................................... 64 4.1 台南市公車乘客滿意度問卷分析 ......................................................................... 64 4.1.1 受訪乘客資料分佈 ...................................................................................... 64 4.1.2 受訪乘客搭乘特性 ....................................................................................... 65 4.1.3 公車服務品質分析 ....................................................................................... 66 4.2 公車服務品質重要度-滿意度之分析 ................................................................... 69 4.2.1 台南市公車15條路線(含觀光公車)之重要度-滿意度 ............................. 69 4.2.2 台南市觀光公車之重要度-滿意度 .............................................................. 71 4.2.3 IPA 結果建議 ................................................................................................ 74 4.2.4 IPA 結果管理意涵 ........................................................................................ 78 4.3 公車潛在乘客服務屬性偏好問卷分析 ................................................................. 79 4.3.1 潛在乘客樣本特性 ...................................................................................... 79 4.3.2 潛在乘客的旅次相關特徵 ........................................................................... 80 4.3.3 潛在乘客旅次相關特徵之政策意涵 ........................................................... 81 4.4 變數設定 ................................................................................................................. 81 4.4.1 公車服務屬性 ............................................................................................... 81 4.4.2 人口統計與社會經濟特性 ........................................................................... 82 4.5 多項羅吉特模型校估結果 ..................................................................................... 83 4.6 混合羅吉特模型校估結果 ..................................................................................... 84 4.7 模型比較 ................................................................................................................. 87 4.7.1 概似比檢定 ................................................................................................... 87 4.8 公車運量提升策略之研擬 ..................................................................................... 88 4.9 服務屬性偏好結果管理意涵 ................................................................................. 90 4.10 小結 ....................................................................................................................... 91 第五章 研究結論與建議 .......................................................................................................... 92 5.1 結論 ......................................................................................................................... 92 5.2 建議 ......................................................................................................................... 93 5.3 研究貢獻 ................................................................................................................. 94 5.4 後續相關研究建議 ................................................................................................. 95 參考文獻-中文 ......................................................................................................................... 96 參考文獻-英文 ......................................................................................................................... 98

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