全球電子產業市場已步入成長平緩的高原期，電子產品由過去標準化規格的個人電腦轉變為客製化規格的行動裝置，加上新興市場崛起，低價化與短生命週期的電子產品成為趨勢。近年來全球邁入物聯網 (Internet of Things, IoT) 的資料經濟時代，看好穿戴式裝置、智慧家庭產品及個人健康照護等的未來成長性，電子產品朝可攜、省電、高效能、小型化等構面發展演進，此將為半導體產業鏈帶來相關挑戰與商機。
而半導體為電子產品的重要零組件，物聯網產品的元件與智慧型手機具備相同基礎功能外，更強調輕薄短小，因此系統級封裝 (System in Package, SiP) 為產品微小化的關鍵技術。電子產品可能在使用過程中會產生電磁輻射，甚至干擾其他裝置之正常運作，甚至影響人體健康，在進行電磁屏蔽開發設計時，除了要考量外觀尺寸和訊號屏蔽，更重要的是價格考量，因為價格直接影響製造商與客戶彼此的獲利。
本研究在一間製造商與一間客戶的供應鏈結構中，針對單一系統級封裝產品，應用於兩種屏蔽設計，透過納許議價模型來分析探討製造商與客戶針對不同屏蔽設計的系統級封裝產品價格協商，取得雙方獲利最大的設計，縮短產品的研發時間和報價週期，快速回應客戶需求，搶得市場先機。
研究結果顯示，不同屏蔽設計選擇，因製造商製造流程不同，會產生不同封裝尺寸，進而有個別的製造商封裝成本；製造商對不同客戶的議價力，除了直接影響製造商對客戶的售價，亦會對製造商和客戶雙方獲利產生影響，進而影響最終屏蔽設計選擇。

In the initial request for quotation (RFQ) stage, this study intends to solve the price negotiation strategy of a manufacturer and its customer through a Nash bargaining model with asymmetric bargaining power. This study is based on a simple supply chain in semiconductor industries in which an IC packaging manufacturer provides different
shielding designs of System-in-Package (SiP) that might benefit itself and its customer. The key results of this study are: First, while the same RFQ has the same function and bill of materials (BOM), designs with different SiP package sizes and different shielding designs result in different package manufacturing costs. Second, the results from a case study reveal that manufacturing costs have a negative effect on the manufacturer’s profit and the customer’s profit, the customer’s selling price has a positive effect on the manufacturer's profit and the customer's profit, and the manufacturer's bargaining power
has a positive effect on its own profit, but has a negative effect on the customer's profit. Finally, the results from the case study indicates that the change of these three parameters have no effect on the optimal shielding design.

Sanada, Y. (2014)。TSIA年會張忠謀點名半導體產業的下一個機會是物聯網 (IoT)。2014年3月28日，取自新報科技股份有限公司，科技新報 (TechNews) 網址http://technews.tw/2014/03/28/tsia-speech/
李靖儀 (2011)。防電磁波干擾製程參數最佳化之研究。私立東海大學工業工程與經營資訊學系碩士論文。
林慶仁和宋自恆 (2001)。傳導性EMI量測系統的架構及原理。新電子科技雜誌，186， 249-256。
秦娟娟和趙道致 (2010)。強勢零售商供應鏈中零供雙方的策略選擇。軟科學，24(7)，121-124。
莊東漢 (1999)。防電磁波干擾材料技術。電子月刊，5(6)，168-178。
Autushka-Sikorski, A. (2014). New energy security policies in Europe: making all quiet on western front. Unpublished master’s thesis, Central European University, Budapest.
Baron, O., & Berman, O. (2014). Nash bargaining with asymmetric bargaining power: bargaining over profit in a simple supply chain. unpublished note, available at: http://www-2.rotman.utoronto.ca/opher.baron/files/S12_Nash_Bargaining_over_Profit.pdf
Baron, O., Berman, O., & Wu, D. (2016). Bargaining within the supply chain and its implications in an industry. Decision Sciences, 47(2), 193-218.
Binmore, K., Rubinstein, A., & Wolinsky, A. (1986). The Nash bargaining solution in economic modelling. Rand Journal of Economics, 17(2), 176-188.
Blokhuis, E., van Leengoed, T., Schaefer, W., de Vries, B., & Snijders, C. (2008, June). Measuring power in planning negotiation processes. Paper presented at the CIB Joint Conference W096–W102, Improving Performance of Construction Organizations, Helsinki, Finland.
Bonanno, G., & Vickers, J. (1988). Vertical separation. Journal of Industrial Economics, 36(3), 257-265.
Cachon, G. P. (2003). Supply chain coordination with contracts. In A. G. de Kok & S. C. Graves (Eds.), Handbooks in Operations Research and Management Science (pp. 227-339). Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V.
Cachon, G. P., & Lariviere, M. A. (2005). Supply chain coordination with revenue-sharing contracts: strengths and limitations. Management Science, 51(1), 30-44.
Dukes, A. J., Gal-Or, E., & Srinivasan, K. (2006). Channel bargaining with retailer asymmetry. Journal of Marketing Research, 43(1), 84-97.
Draganska, M., Klapper, D., & Villas-Boas, S. B. (2010). A larger slice or a larger pie ? An empirical investigation of bargaining power in the distribution channel. Marketing Science, 29(1), 57-74.
Ertek, G., & Griffin, P. M. (2002). Supplier- and buyer-driven channels in a two-stage supply chain. IIE Transactions, 34(8), 691-700.
Fletcher, L. B. (1961). Concept and importance of bargaining power. Bargaining Power in Agriculture, Center for Agricultural and Economic Adjustment, 9, 1-8.
Fontanelli, A. (2008, March). System-in-package technology: opportunities and challenges. Paper presented at the 9th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED), San Jose, CA.
Gurnani, H., & Shi, M. (2006). A bargaining model for a first-time interaction under asymmetric beliefs of supply reliability. Management Science, 52(6), 865-880.
Huang, C. H., Hsiao, C. Y., Wang, C. D., Chen, T., Liao, K. H., & Wu, T. L. (2010, December). Conformal shielding investigation for SiP modules. Paper presented at the 2010 IEEE Electrical Design of Advanced Package & Systems Symposium, Singapore.
Karim, N., Mao, J., & Fan, J. (2010, April). Improving electromagnetic compatibility performance of packages and SiP modules using a conformal shielding solution. Paper presented at the 2010 Asia-Pacific International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (APEMC), Beijing, China.
Keiser, B. E. (1979). Principles of Electromagnetic Compatibility. Dedham, MA: Artech House, Inc.
Lee, H. L. (2004). The triple-A supply chain. Harvard Business Review, 82(10), 102-113.
McGuire, T. W., & Staelin, R. (2008). An industry equilibrium analysis of downstream vertical integration. Marketing Science, 27(1), 115-130.
Moorthy, K. S. (1988). Strategic decentralization in channels. Marketing Science, 7(4), 335-355.
Motchenbacher, C. D., & Fitchen, F. C. (1973). Low-noise Electronic Design. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Muthoo, A. (2000). A non-technical introduction to bargaining theory. World Economics, 1(2), 145-166.
Nagarajan, M., & Bassok, Y. (2008). A bargaining framework in supply chains: the assembly problem. Management Science, 54(8), 1482-1496.
Nash Jr, J. F. (1950). The bargaining problem. Econometrica, 18(2), 155-162.
Pasternack, B. A. (1985). Optimal pricing and return policies for perishable commodities. Marketing Science, 4(2), 166-176.
Paul, C. R. (2006). Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Prasad, S., Shankar, R., & Roy, S. (2019). Impact of bargaining power on supply chain profit allocation: a game-theoretic study. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 16(3), 398-416
Rahman, H., Saha, P. K., Dowling, J., & Curran, T. (1992, January). Shielding effectiveness measurement techniques for various materials used for EMI shielding. Paper presented at the IEE Colloquium on Screening of Connectors, Cables and Enclosures, London, UK.
Shen, M. G., Zheng, L. R., & Tenhunen, H. (2002). Cost and performance analysis for mixed-signal system implementation: System-on-Chip or System-on-Package? IEEE Transactions on Electronics Packaging Manufacturing, 25(4), 262-272.
Tai, K. L. (2000, January). System-In-Package (SIP): challenges and opportunities. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 2000 Design Automation Conference, Yokohama, Japan.
Tsay, A. A. (1999). The quantity flexibility contract and supplier-customer incentives. Management Science, 45(10), 1339-1358.
Tucker, A. W. (1983). A Two-Person Dilemma: Prisoner's Dilemma. The Two-Year College Mathematics Journal, 14(3), 228-232.
Tummala, R. R. (2004). SOP: What is it and why? A new microsystem-integration technology paradigm - Moore's law for system integration of miniaturized convergent systems of the next decade. IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging, 27(2), 241-249.
von Neumann, J., & Morgenstern, O. (2007). Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (60th-anniversary ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Weng, Z. K. (1995). Channel coordination and quantity discounts. Management Science, 41(9), 1509-1522.
Wolff, F. C. (2016). Bargaining powers of buyers and sellers on the online diamond market: a double perspective non-parametric analysis. Annals of Operations Research, 244(2), 697-718.
Wu, O. Q., & Chen, H. (2016). Chain-to-Chain competition under demand uncertainty. Journal of the Operations Research Society of China, 4(1), 49-75.
Zwick, R., Rapoport, A., & Howard, J. C. (1992). Two-person sequential bargaining behavior with exogenous breakdown. Theory and Decision, 32(3), 241-268.