目的：思覺失調症患者有執行功能的缺損(American Psychiatric Association, 2013)，Reichenberg與Harvey(2007)的後設分析指出思覺失調症患者中，在執行功能部件之計畫、彈性，以及自我覺察功能達顯著缺損。本研究針對此三部件，以神經心理取向建構出針對穩定期思覺失調症患者失執行功能的生態化神經心理治療方案。
方法：本研究於南部某教學醫院精神科附設的日間照護中心和社區復健中心招募穩定期思覺失調症病患共15名，治療方案為每週1小時的個別課程及2小時的團體課程，為期8週，針對執行功能的計畫、彈性，以及自我覺察進行介入。研究者先擬定探索介入方案，經「治療方案探索組」7名個案之介入後進行療效分析與修正，並於「神經心理治療方案組」8名個案進行介入並分析療效。本研究以自陳式問卷及神經心理測驗為兩層次療效指標進行治療方案驗證，自陳式問卷層級採日常生活執行功能行為量表及時間管理量表，神經心理測驗層級採威斯康辛卡片分類測驗、倫敦塔、Knox’s方塊仿效測驗、數字廣度測驗、彩色路徑描繪測驗，並於前測、後測、治療完成2個月後追蹤測三個時間點進行療效驗證。
結果：神經心理治療方案於自陳式問卷層級的動機控制及情緒監控兩項因素於三個時間點有顯著差異；神經心理測驗層級，威斯康辛卡片分類測驗的總錯誤率、執續反應率、執續錯誤率，彩色路徑描繪測驗第二版分數於三個時間點有顯著差異；顯示治療方案對穩定期思覺失調症病的「彈性」和「自我覺察」指標有所影響。
討論：本研究依據神經心理學理論所設計之治療方案，對於穩定期思覺失調症病人之「彈性」及「自我覺察」測驗指標有所影響。未來研究可增加樣本數並改善治療方案之模組，藉以提升穩定期思覺失調症之精神照護。

Introduction: Patients with schizophrenia have executive dysfunction (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
Reichenberg and Harvey(2007) integrated that the executive function of schizophrenia patients have sinificant impairment in planing, flexibility and self-awareness by meta-analysis.The present study aims to construct a treatment program of neuropsychotherapy for schizophrenic patients with executive dysfunction in stabilization phase.
Method：15 patients with schizophrenia in stabilization phase joined the training for 1 hour individual course and 2 hours group course a week, over 8 weeks. The investigators prepared a treatment program and analyzed the efficacy of the 7 patients in the "Treatment Program Exploration Group",then revised the program and conducted in 8 patients of the "Neuropsychotherapy Treatment Group ".This study used indexes from two level evidences to discuss the curative effects, including neuropsychological assessments and test.Both groups were evaluated with Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (Chinese version) Third Edition for intelligence;Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST), Tower of London (TOL), Color Trial Test(CTT), Knox Cube Test , Digit Span Task, and Executive Function Scale before and after intervention, and also in two month afterwards for follow-up.
Result：The training showed sinificant improvement in flexibility and self-awareness, but not in planing.
Discussion：This study showed the treatment program of neuropsychotherapy improved the “flexibility" and "self-awareness" of patients with schizophrenia in stabilization phase. Future studies should increase the sample size and improve the treatment program to enhance the mental health of patients with schizophrenia in stabilization phase.

行政院研考會（1995）。精神病患醫療服務體系之檢討。行政院研究發展考核委員會編印。
行政院衛生署（1998）。精神病患照顧體系權責劃分建議。取自https://www.google.com.tw/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&ved=0ahUKEwiJ9dPgu__UAhXEw7wKHWGOC7kQFgg1MAI&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vac.gov.tw%2Fdl-6976-4f8c2fc2-30bc-4c54-9281-853a0b42c582.html&usg=AFQjCNGo7khw-bPyqpugxg8N2OKwxSI9UQ。
何曉婷、吳玉欣、黃茂雄、郭乃文(2011)：生態化執行功能訓練對腦傷病人之治療: 病例報告。台灣復健醫學雜誌, 39(1), 31-38.。
吳玉欣、余麗樺、陳靖、郭乃文(2009)：日常執行功能行為量表之發展與其因素結構及信效度研究。臨床心理學刊，4（2），86-94。
李昇恆(2013)：神經心理治療的內涵建構: 先導研究。成功大學行為醫學研究所碩士論文。台南：未出版。
胡海國(1999)：精神分裂症描述性精神病理。台北市：橘井文化。
郭乃文、張騰方（2016）：動腦玩，玩腦動（初版）。臺南：成大出版社。
張凱茵、郭乃文、許立港(2014)：強化執行功能之團體神經心理治療的成效研究-以高身體症狀青少女為例。中華心理衛生學刊，27(1)，73-95。
張騰方(2016)：早期發展正常之極低出生體重早產兒於學齡期執行功能受損發展與介入研究。成功大學行為醫學研究所碩士論文。台南：未出版。
陳彩堉(2010)：慢性精神分裂病患者之執行功能與日常生活功能的關聯研究。高雄醫學大學心理學研究所碩士論文。高雄市。未出版。
陳榮華、陳欣怡（譯）(2002)：魏氏成人智力量表第三版（WAIS-III）中文版指導手冊。台北：中國行為科學社。
惠筠(2015)：早期發展正常之極低出生體重早產兒於學齡前執行功能受損介入研究。成功大學行為醫學研究所碩士論文。台南：未出版。
黃睿謙、郭乃文、許立港(2017)：提升執行功能之神經心理團體治療於高身心症狀抱怨青少女之效果。臨床心理學刊 (預刊文章)，41-56。
廖御圻、郭乃文、陳信昭、蔡幸芳、蘇倍儀(2015)：以神經生理回饋為主之神經心理治療對改善注意力監控之療效研究-以注意力缺陷/過動疾患兒童為例。教育心理學報，47(2)，281-304。
衛生福利部（2013）。醫療統計年報。取自http://www.mohw.gov.tw/cht/DOS/Statistic_P.aspx?f_list_no=312&fod_list_no=5328&doc_no=47874
賴培增(2011)：注意力缺失/過動疾患-不注意型與複合型兒童在前瞻性記憶表現之比較。成功大學行為醫學研究所碩士論文。台南：未出版。
謝佳容、蕭淑貞(2006)：台灣社區精神復健機構的服務現況與展望。精神衛生護理雜誌，1(2)，45-54。
Anderson, S. W., Damasio, H., & Tranel, D. (1990). Neuropsychological impairments associated with lesions caused by tumor or stroke. Archives of neurology, 47(4), 397-405.
Andreasen, N. C., Paradiso, S., & O'leary, D. S. (1998). “Cognitive dysmetria” as an integrative theory of schizophrenia: a dysfunction in cortical-subcortical-cerebellar circuitry? Schizophrenia Bulletin, 24(2), 203-218.
Anthony, W., Cohen, M., Farkas, M., & Gagne, C. (2002). Psychiatric rehabilitation., Boston, US: Center for psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston University.
American Psychiatric Association (2006). Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Schizophrenia (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®): American Psychiatric Pub.
Barker-Collo, S. L., Feigin, V. L., Lawes, C. M., Parag, V., Senior, H., & Rodgers, A. (2009). Reducing attention deficits after stroke using attention process training. Stroke, 40(10), 3293-3298.
Barkley, R. A. (1997). Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychological Bulletin, 121(1), 65.
Barkley, R. A. (2001). The executive functions and self-regulation: An evolutionary neuropsychological perspective. Neuropsychology review, 11(1), 1-29.
Bechara, A., Damasio, A. R., Damasio, H., & Anderson, S. W. (1994). Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex. Cognition, 50(1), 7-15.
Ben-Yishay, Y., Silver, S. M., Piasetsky, E., & Rattok, J. (1987). Relationship between employability and vocational outcome after intensive holistic cognitive rehabilitation. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 2(1), 35-48.
Bennett-Levy, J., Lee, N., Travers, K., Pohlman, S., & Hamernik, E. (2003). Cognitive therapy from the inside: enhancing therapist skills through practising what we preach. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 31(2), 143-158.
Breton, F., Planté, A., Legauffre, C., Morel, N., Adès, J., Gorwood, P., . . . Dubertret, C. (2011). The executive control of attention differentiates patients with schizophrenia, their first-degree relatives and healthy controls. Neuropsychologia, 49(2), 203-208.
Bryck, R. L., & Fisher, P. A. (2012). Training the brain: Practical applications of neural plasticity from the intersection of cognitive neuroscience, developmental psychology, and prevention science. American Psychologist, 67(2), 87.
Buchanan, R. W., Vladar, K., Barta, P. E., & Pearlson, G. D. (1998). Structural evaluation of the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry.
Buckner, R., Andrews-Hanna, J., & Schacter, D. The brain’s default network: anatomy, function, and relevance to disease Ann NY Acad Sci 2008; 1124: 1-38.
Cabeza, R., & Nyberg, L. (2000). Imaging cognition II: An empirical review of 275 PET and fMRI studies. Journal of cognitive neuroscience, 12(1), 1-47.
Cappas, N. M., Andres-Hyman, R., & Davidson, L. (2005). What psychotherapists can begin to learn from neuroscience: Seven principles of a brain-based psychotherapy. PSYCHOTHERAPY-RIVER EDGE-, 42(3), 374.
Carlin, D., Bonerba, J., Phipps, M., Alexander, G., Shapiro, M., & Grafman, J. (2000). Planning impairments in frontal lobe dementia and frontal lobe lesion patients. Neuropsychologia, 38(5), 655-665.
Chang, W. C., Tang, J. Y. M., Hui, C. L. M., Chan, S. K. W., Lee, E. H. M., & Chen, E. Y. H. (2014). Clinical and cognitive predictors of vocational outcome in first-episode schizophrenia: A prospective 3 year follow-up study. Psychiatry Research, 220(3), 834-839. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.09.012
Christoff, K., Prabhakaran, V., Dorfman, J., Zhao, Z., Kroger, J. K., Holyoak, K. J., & Gabrieli, J. D. (2001). Rostrolateral prefrontal cortex involvement in relational integration during reasoning. Neuroimage, 14(5), 1136-1149.
Cicerone, K. D., Langenbahn, D. M., Braden, C., Malec, J. F., Kalmar, K., Fraas, M., . . . Bergquist, T. (2011). Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: updated review of the literature from 2003 through 2008. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 92(4), 519-530.
Cohen, R., Kaplan, R., Moser, D., Jenkins, M., & Wilkinson, H. (1999). Impairments of attention after cingulotomy. Neurology, 53(4), 819-819.
Corrigan, J. D., & Hinkeldey, N. S. (1987). Relationships between parts A and B of the Trail Making Test. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43(4), 402-409.
Craik, F. I., & Bialystok, E. (2006). Planning and task management in older adults: Cooking breakfast. Memory & Cognition, 34(6), 1236-1249.
D'Argembeau, A., Stawarczyk, D., Majerus, S., Collette, F., Van der Linden, M., Feyers, D., . . . Salmon, E. (2009). The neural basis of personal goal processing when envisioning future events. Journal of cognitive neuroscience, 22(8), 1701-1713.
D'Elia, L., & Satz, P. (1996). Color trails test: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Daffner, K. R., Mesulam, M., Scinto, L., Acar, D., Calvo, V., Faust, R., . . . Holcomb, P. (2000). The central role of the prefrontal cortex in directing attention to novel events. Brain, 123(5), 927-939.
Damasio, A. (2001). Fundamental feelings. Nature, 413(6858), 781-781.
Damasio, A. R., Anderson, S.W., & Tranel, D. (2011). The frontal lobes. In K.M. Heilman & E. Valenstein (Eds.). Clinical neuropsychology, 5th ed.
Damian, A. M., Jacobson, S. A., Hentz, J. G., Belden, C. M., Shill, H. A., Sabbagh, M. N., . . . Adler, C. H. (2011). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Mini-Mental State Examination as screening instruments for cognitive impairment: item analyses and threshold scores. Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders, 31(2), 126-131.
Diamond, A. (2013). Executive functions. Annual Review of Psychology, 64, 135.
Dibben, C. R. M., Rice, C., Laws, K., & McKenna, P. J. (2009). Is executive impairment associated with schizophrenic syndromes? A meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 39(3), 381-392. doi:10.1017/s0033291708003887
Duarte, A., Hayasaka, S., Du, A., Schuff, N., Jahng, G.-H., Kramer, J., . . . Weiner, M. (2006). Volumetric correlates of memory and executive function in normal elderly, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience letters, 406(1), 60-65.
Dudai, Y. (2002). Memory from A to Z. Keywords, Concepts and Beyond. Oxford.
Duncan, J. (1986). Disorganisation of behaviour after frontal lobe damage. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 3(3), 271-290.
Eslinger, P. J. (1999). Orbital frontal cortex: Behavioral and physiological significance: An introduction to special topic papers: Part II. Neurocase, 5(4), 299-300.
Eslinger, P. J., & Grattan, L. M. (1993). Frontal lobe and frontal-striatal substrates for different forms of human cognitive flexibility. Neuropsychologia, 31(1), 17-28.
Etkin, A., Gyurak, A., & O'Hara, R. (2013). A neurobiological approach to the cognitive deficits of psychiatric disorders. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 15(4), 419.
Evans, J. (2003). Rehabilitation of executive deficits. Neuropsychological rehabilitation: Theory and practice, 53-70.
Evans, J. D., Bond, G. R., Meyer, P. S., Kim, H. W., Lysaker, P. H., Gibson, P. J., & Tunis, S. (2004). Cognitive and clinical predictors of success in vocational rehabilitation in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 70(2), 331-342.
Fasotti, L., Kovacs, F., Eling, P. A., & Brouwer, W. H. (2000). Time pressure management as a compensatory strategy training after closed head injury. Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 10(1), 47-65.
Freedman, D., & Brown, A. S. (2011). The developmental course of executive functioning in schizophrenia. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 29(3), 237-243. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.11.003
Goldman-Rakic, P. S., & Selemon, L. D. (1997). Functional and anatomical aspects of prefrontal pathology in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 23(3), 437-458.
Goldstein, S. (2012). Understanding executive functioning in children: New ideas, new data, effective education and the Comprehensive Executive Functioning Inventory: PowerPoint slides](S. Goldstein, personal communication.
Gonsalves, B., & Paller, K. A. (2000). Neural events that underlie remembering something that never happened. nature neuroscience, 3(12), 1316-1321.
Goodkind, M., Eickhoff, S. B., Oathes, D. J., Jiang, Y., Chang, A., Jones-Hagata, L. B., . . . Etkin, A. (2015). Identification of a Common Neurobiological Substrate for Mental Illness. Jama Psychiatry, 72(4), 305-315. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2206
Gould, F., McGuire, L. S., Durand, D., Sabbag, S., Larrauri, C., Patterson, T. L., . . . Harvey, P. D. (2015). Self-Assessment in Schizophrenia: Accuracy of Evaluation of Cognition and Everyday Functioning. Neuropsychology, 29(5), 675-682. doi:10.1037/neu0000175
Goverover, Y., Johnston, M. V., Toglia, J., & DeLuca, J. (2007). Treatment to improve self-awareness in persons with acquired brain injury. Brain Injury, 21(9), 913-923.
Grawe, K. (2007). Neuropsychotherapy: How the neurosciences inform effective psychotherapy: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Green, M. F., Kern, R. S., Braff, D. L., & Mintz, J. (2000). Neurocognitive deficits and functional outcome in schizophrenia: are we measuring the" right stuff"? Schizophrenia Bulletin, 26(1), 119.
Green, M. F., Kern, R. S., & Heaton, R. K. (2004). Longitudinal studies of cognition and functional outcome in schizophrenia: implications for MATRICS. Schizophrenia Research, 72(1), 41-51. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2004.09.009
Gusnard, D. A., Akbudak, E., Shulman, G. L., & Raichle, M. E. (2001). Medial prefrontal cortex and self-referential mental activity: relation to a default mode of brain function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(7), 4259-4264.
Hausdorff, J. M., Doniger, G. M., Springer, S., Yogev, G., Simon, E. S., & Giladi, N. (2006). A common cognitive profile in elderly fallers and in patients with Parkinson's disease: the prominence of impaired executive function and attention. Experimental aging research, 32(4), 411-429.
Heaton, R., Chelune, G., Talley, J., Kay, G., & Curtiss, G. (1993). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Manual: Revised and expanded. Florida: Psychological Assessment Resources: Inc.
Heinrichs, R. W. (2005). The primacy of cognition in schizophrenia. American Psychologist, 60(3), 229.
Hutton, S., Puri, B., Duncan, L.-J., Robbins, T., Barnes, T., & Joyce, E. (1998). Executive function in first-episode schizophrenia. Psychological Medicine, 28(02), 463-473.
Janowsky, J. S., Shimamura, A. P., Kritchevsky, M., & Squire, L. R. (1989). Cognitive impairment following frontal lobe damage and its relevance to human amnesia. Behavioral neuroscience, 103(3), 548.
Kawasaki, Y., Vogeley, K., Jung, V., Tepest, R., Hütte, H., Schleicher, A., & Falkai, P. (2000). Automated image analysis of disturbed cytoarchitecture in Brodmann area 10 in schizophrenia: a post-mortem study. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 24(7), 1093-1104.
Kempton, M. J., Stahl, D., Williams, S. C., & DeLisi, L. E. (2010). Progressive lateral ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of longitudinal MRI studies. Schizophrenia Research, 120(1), 54-62.
Kircher, T. T., Senior, C., Phillips, M. L., Rabe-Hesketh, S., Benson, P. J., Bullmore, E. T., . . . David, A. S. (2001). Recognizing one's own face. Cognition, 78(1), B1-B15.
Knight, R. T. (1984). Decreased response to novel stimuli after prefrontal lesions in man. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Evoked Potentials Section, 59(1), 9-20.
Koechlin, E., Basso, G., Pietrini, P., Panzer, S., & Grafman, J. (1999). The role of the anterior prefrontal cortex in human cognition. Nature, 399(6732), 148-151.
Krasny-Pacini, A., Chevignard, M., & Evans, J. (2014). Goal Management Training for rehabilitation of executive functions: a systematic review of effectivness in patients with acquired brain injury. Disability and Rehabilitation, 36(2), 105-116. doi:10.3109/09638288.2013.777807
Krasny-Pacini, A., Limond, J., Evans, J., Hiebel, J., Bendjelida, K., & Chevignard, M. (2014). Context-Sensitive Goal Management Training for Everyday Executive Dysfunction in Children After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 29(5), E49-E64. doi:10.1097/htr.0000000000000015
Kreiman, G., Koch, C., & Fried, I. (2000). Imagery neurons in the human brain. Nature, 408(6810), 357-361.
Krieger, S., Lis, S., Cetin, T., Gallhofer, B., & Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (2005). Executive function and cognitive subprocesses in first-episode, drug-naive schizophrenia: an analysis of N-back performance. The American Journal of Psychiatry.
Krikorian, R., Bartok, J., & Gay, N. (1994). Tower of London procedure: a standard method and developmental data. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 16(6), 840-850.
Kuperberg, G., & Heckers, S. (2000). Schizophrenia and cognitive function. Current opinion in neurobiology, 10(2), 205-210.
Leeds, L., Meara, R. J., Woods, R., & Hobson, J. P. (2001). A comparison of the new executive functioning domains of the CAMCOG‐R with existing tests of executive function in elderly stroke survivors. Age and ageing, 30(3), 251-254.
Lezak, M. D. (2012). Neuropsychological assessment: Oxford University Press, USA.
Liu, K. C., Chan, R. C., Chan, K. K., Tang, J. Y., Chiu, C. P., Lam, M. M., . . . Chen, E. Y. (2011). Executive function in first-episode schizophrenia: a three-year longitudinal study of an ecologically valid test. Schizophrenia Research, 126(1), 87-92.
Luria, A. R. (1980). Higher cortical functions in man: (2nd ed.).New York, NY: Basic Books.
Lysaker, P. H., Bell, M. D., Zito, W. S., & Bioty, S. M. (1995). Social skills at work: Deficits and predictors of improvement in schizophrenia. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 183(11), 688-692.
McCloskey, G., Perkins, L. A., & Van Diviner, B. (2009). Assessment and intervention for executive function difficulties: Taylor & Francis.
McGaugh, J. L. (2000). Memory--a century of consolidation. Science, 287(5451), 248-251.
Milner, B. (1971). Interhemispheric differences in the localization of psychological processes in man. British medical bulletin.
Moran, C. A., Nippold, M. A., & Gillon, G. T. (2006). Working memory and proverb comprehension in adolescents with traumatic brain injury: A preliminary investigation. Brain Injury, 20(4), 417-423.
Nestor, P. G., Kubicki, M., Nakamura, M., Niznikiewicz, M., McCarley, R. W., & Shenton, M. E. (2010). Comparing prefrontal gray and white matter contributions to intelligence and decision making in schizophrenia and healthy controls. Neuropsychology, 24(1), 121.
O’Connell, R. G., Bellgrove, M. A., Dockree, P. M., Lau, A., Fitzgerald, M., & Robertson, I. H. (2008). Self-alert training: Volitional modulation of autonomic arousal improves sustained attention. Neuropsychologia, 46(5), 1379-1390.
Orellana, G., & Slachevsky, A. (2013). Executive functioning in schizophrenia. Frontiers in psychiatry, 4.
Paus, L. K. T. (2000). Functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex within the human frontal lobe: a brain-mapping meta-analysis. Executive Control and the Frontal Lobe: Current Issues, 55.
Postma, A., Winkel, J., Tuiten, A., & van Honk, J. (1999). Sex differences and menstrual cycle effects in human spatial memory. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 24(2), 175-192.
Powell, J., Lewis, P. A., Roberts, N., García-Fiñana, M., & Dunbar, R. I. (2012). Orbital prefrontal cortex volume predicts social network size: an imaging study of individual differences in humans. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 279(1736), 2157-2162.
Powell, J. L., Lewis, P. A., Dunbar, R. I., García-Fiñana, M., & Roberts, N. (2010). Orbital prefrontal cortex volume correlates with social cognitive competence. Neuropsychologia, 48(12), 3554-3562.
Rössler, W., Salize, H. J., van Os, J., & Riecher-Rössler, A. (2005). Size of burden of schizophrenia and psychotic disorders. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 15(4), 399-409.
Raichle, M. E. (2009). A paradigm shift in functional brain imaging. Journal of Neuroscience, 29(41), 12729-12734.
Raichle, M. E., & Snyder, A. Z. (2007). A default mode of brain function: a brief history of an evolving idea. Neuroimage, 37(4), 1083-1090.
Ramnani, N., & Owen, A. M. (2004). Anterior prefrontal cortex: insights into function from anatomy and neuroimaging. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5(3), 184-194.
Reichenberg, A., & Harvey, P. D. (2007). Neuropsychological impairments in schizophrenia: Integration of performance-based and brain imaging findings. Psychological Bulletin, 133(5), 833.
Robbins, T. W., Weinberger, D., Taylor, J., & Morris, R. (1996). Dissociating executive functions of the prefrontal cortex. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 351(1346), 1463-1471.
Roberts Jr, R. J., & Pennington, B. F. (1996). An interactive framework for examining prefrontal cognitive processes. Developmental neuropsychology, 12(1), 105-126.
Robertson, I. (1996). Goal management training: A clinical manual. Cambridge, UK: PsyConsult.
Rodewald, K., Rentrop, M., Holt, D. V., Roesch-Ely, D., Backenstrass, M., Funke, J., . . . Kaiser, S. (2011). Planning and problem-solving training for patients with schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial. Bmc Psychiatry, 11, 11. doi:10.1186/1471-244x-11-73
Seter, C., Giovannetti, T., Kessler, R. K., & Worth, S. (2011). Everyday action planning in schizophrenia. Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 21(2), 224-249. doi:10.1080/09602011.2010.544519
Shepherd, A. M., Laurens, K. R., Matheson, S. L., Carr, V. J., & Green, M. J. (2012). Systematic meta-review and quality assessment of the structural brain alterations in schizophrenia. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 36(4), 1342-1356.
Siegel, D. J. (1999). The developing mind (Vol. 296): Guilford Press New York.
Sohlberg, M. M. (2012). Cognitive rehabilitation manual: translating evidence-based recommendations into practice. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 27(8), 931-932.
Squire, L. R., & Kandel, E. R. (2000). Memory: From mind to molecules (Vol. 69): Macmillan.
Stone, M., & Wright, B. (1980). Knox's Cube Test, Junior and Senior Version: Instruction Manual. Stoelting Co., Wood Dale.
Stuss, D. T., & Alexander, M. P. (2007). Is there a dysexecutive syndrome? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 362(1481), 901-915.
Stuss, D. T., & Benson, D. F. (1984). Neuropsychological studies of the frontal lobes. Psychological Bulletin, 95(1), 3.
Stuss, D. T., Winocur, G., & Robertson, I. H. (1999). Cognitive neurorehabilitation: Cambridge University Press.
Stuss, D. T. B., D.F. (1986). The frontal lobes, New York: Raven Press.
Szeszko, P. R., Bilder, R. M., Lencz, T., Ashtari, M., Goldman, R. S., Reiter, G., . . . Lieberman, J. A. (2000). Reduced anterior cingulate gyrus volume correlates with executive dysfunction in men with first-episode schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 43(2), 97-108.
Szpunar, K. K., Watson, J. M., & McDermott, K. B. (2007). Neural substrates of envisioning the future. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(2), 642-647.
Théberge, J., Williamson, K. E., Aoyama, N., Drost, D. J., Manchanda, R., Malla, A. K., . . . Rajakumar, N. (2007). Longitudinal grey-matter and glutamatergic losses in first-episode schizophrenia. The British journal of psychiatry, 191(4), 325-334.
Tranel, D. (1994). Development of the conceptof" executive function" and its relationship to the frontal lobes. Handbook of neuropsychology, 125-148.
Tseng, H. H., Chen, S. H., Liu, C. M., Howes, O., Huang, Y. L., Hsieh, M. H., . . . Hwu, H. G. (2013). Facial and Prosodic Emotion Recognition Deficits Associate with Specific Clusters of Psychotic Symptoms in Schizophrenia. Plos One, 8(6), 8. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066571
von Cramon, D. Y., & Cramon, G. M.-v. (1992). Reflections on the treatment of brain-injured patients suffering from problem-solving disorders. Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 2(3), 207-229.
Walter, H., Berger, M., & Schnell, K. (2009). Neuropsychotherapy: conceptual, empirical and neuroethical issues. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 259(2), 173.
Weinberger, D. R., Berman, K. F., & Zec, R. F. (1986). Physiologic dysfunction of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: I. Regional cerebral blood flow evidence. Archives of General Psychiatry, 43(2), 114-124.
Welsh, M. C., & Pennington, B. F. (1988). Assessing frontal lobe functioning in children: Views from developmental psychology. Developmental neuropsychology, 4(3), 199-230.
Wilson, B. A., Gracey, F., & Evans, J. J. (2009). Neuropsychological rehabilitation: Theory, models, therapy and outcome: Cambridge University Press.
Wright, I. C., Rabe-Hesketh, S., Woodruff, P. W., David, A. S., Murray, R. M., & Bullmore, E. T. (2000). Meta-analysis of regional brain volumes in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry.
Yalom, I. D. (1995). The theory and practice of group psychotherapy: Basic Books (AZ).
Ylvisaker, M., Adelson, P. D., Braga, L. W., Burnett, S. M., Glang, A., Feeney, T., . . . Todis, B. (2005). Rehabilitation and ongoing support after pediatric TBI: twenty years of progress. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 20(1), 95-109.
Zaman, R. (2010). Psychological treatments and brain plasticity. Psychiatr Danub, 22(Suppl 1), S6-S9.