隨著氣候變遷導致極端高溫事件頻率增加，高度都市化的發展使城市居民更容易暴露於熱環境中，尤其對於即將邁入超高齡社會的臺灣，城市中的高齡族群面臨更顯著的熱健康風險的影響。因此，如何客觀地評估高齡者可能面對的熱風險區域，以利提供政府採取適當的熱調適措施，並透過主觀問卷調查了解長者對熱感知及調適行為的選擇，成為重要的研究議題。熱風險地圖評估能確切的指認高風險區域，主觀問卷則能深入了解長者的實際需求與偏好，兩者結合可提供更完整與務實的規劃建議，提升長者健康福祉。
為此，本研究引用IPCC第六次評估報告的氣候風險框架，從危害、暴露、脆弱及應對四個構面，繪製都市高齡人口的熱風險地圖，分析風險的空間分布及其自相關特性。並針對識別出的高風險區域進行主觀熱經驗問卷調查，了解不同人口特徵對熱影響頻率、熱感知程度、調適行為及政府應對措施認知與偏好等，並整合一手問卷資料與二手數據資料，全面性地進行主客觀風險評估。
透過文獻回顧，本研究整理IPCC氣候風險架構的演變，並依此框架彙整過去相關研究使用的評估指標，提出本研究之指標選擇與風險定義，並以臺北市為實證地區，在村里尺度上識別出高風險區位及其環境特徵。此外，也針對主觀熱感知相關文獻，設計適合本研究脈絡的熱經驗問卷，並透過統計檢定及羅吉斯迴歸分析，來對風險地圖所辨視出高風險地區進行主觀評估的探討。
本研究以氣候風險框架之實證分析結果指認，臺北市的熱風險呈現明顯的空間聚集性，主要集中在舊市區內密集發展地帶，如萬華、中正及松山區，特別是忠貞里與富泰里兩處，屬於高風險且具有顯著的空間自相關性。主觀熱經驗問卷結果顯示，不同的人口特徵確實影響高齡者的主觀熱感知與調適行為，在女性、低教育程度、自覺健康狀況較差與經濟條件較弱之長者特徵為重要影響因素。男性則表現出較低的主觀影響感知與較少的調適行動，因而容易低估自身的健康狀況。此外，長者對於政府熱應對措施的認知中，綠色設施與遮蔭設施最易被理解與支持，反映設施可見性與生活連結性為高齡受訪者感受政策作為的重要依據，然而對於與熱相關的健康宣導認知則普遍不足，凸顯政府對長者的氣候教育資訊傳遞仍有提升的必要性。
本研究的貢獻在於結合主客觀評估方式，從熱風險地圖揭露了臺北市高齡人口的熱風險空間分布的差異性，而透過熱經驗問卷則進一步辨識了長者易受熱影響的特徵與需求，提出具體且可行的調適建議。研究結果亦指認，不同社經背景與建成環境條件下的主觀感知與客觀風險地圖評估間存在認知落差，未來在規劃資源分配及政策設計時，可參考此主客觀評估方式與結果進行分類治理，提供因地制宜的策略，以滿足高齡居民的需求與期待。

As climate change intensifies, extreme heat events have become more frequent and severe, increasing health risks—especially for older people in dense urban areas. In Taiwan, a rapidly aging society, older adults face greater vulnerability due to physical decline and limited access to resources. Identifying high-risk areas and understanding how the elderly perceive and respond to heat is essential for guiding effective government adaptation strategies.
This study applied the IPCC AR6 climate risk framework to assess elderly heat risks and subjective heat experiences in Taipei City. A heat risk map integrating hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and response dimensions identified areas of significant risk. Additionally, elderly residents in high-risk neighborhoods were surveyed about their heat perceptions, physical and psychological discomfort, daily disruptions, adaptive behaviors, and awareness of government mitigation measures.
The findings reveal clear spatial inequalities in elderly heat risk, with high-risk clusters concentrated in older urban districts such as Wanhua, Zhongzheng, and Songshan. Subjective data show that women, individuals with lower educational attainment, poorer self-rated health, and weaker economic status are more likely to report heat-related discomfort and adopt passive coping strategies. Notably, male respondents tended to report lower levels of perceived heat impact and adaptive behavior, possibly due to cultural norms around masculinity. While green and shading infrastructure were widely recognized and supported, knowledge of government-led health education and heat risk communication remained low among respondents, signaling gaps in public climate risk literacy.

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