本研究的主要目的為奈米黏土-蒙脫土(montmorillonite)之改質研究。於本論文中將先研究結合環氧乙烯(polyoxyethylene, POE)界面活性劑所製造之兩親性蒙脫土，並探討不同的界面活性(surfactant)改質劑對蒙脫土的影響，再研究蒙脫土於不同溶液中之分散性及其機制，接著，將針對聚氯丁二烯橡膠(polychloroprene)之發泡特性、機械性質與複合機構作一系列之探討。

蒙脫土經離子交換改質後，利用廣角X光繞射儀(wide angle X-ray diffraction, WAXRD)量測不同改質蒙脫土之層狀矽酸鹽層之平均層間間距，以場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡(field emission scanning electron microscopy, FESEM)觀察改質後之表面型態，再以傅立葉紅外線光譜儀(fourier transform infared spectrometer, FTIR)研究其鍵結。

在分散性的研究中，利用雷射粒徑分佈儀(laser particle size distribution analyzer)及X-ray光源粒徑量測分析儀(X-ray particle size analyzer)測量在不同HLB值(hydrophic lipophilic balance value)溶液中之粒徑分佈，並以Stoke’s定律評估其沉積速度，以Dobrat’s方法量測分散率。由實驗結果顯示，經由改質後的兩親性蒙脫土不但平均層間距離加大，且可均勻分散於不同HLB值之溶液中，另外，由實驗結果也指出兩親性蒙脫土有較大的平均層間間距及較好分散性，尤其在含水之極性溶液中，環氧乙烯的氧與溶液會產生氫鍵鍵結，幫助分散。

在聚氯丁二烯/蒙脫土奈米複合材的研究中，分別利用WAXRD、SEM及穿透式電子顯微鏡(transmission electron microscopy, TEM)觀察改質複合材中蒙脫土之矽酸鹽層平均層間間距、表面形態及複合機制，在聚氯丁二烯/蒙脫土之混鍊製程中，利用不同之聚合速度、不同之添加物投料順序研究複合材之機械特性，由研究結果顯示，當氯丁二烯之交鏈反應未加催化劑環亞乙烯硫(ethylene thiourea, ETU)時，可成功混鍊出聚氯丁二烯/蒙脫土奈米複合材，蒙脫土具有脫層(exfoliated)結構。在改質製程二的MMT-N1於機械性質方面，成功將表面及中心拉伸強度(tensile strength)分別從100%提高到136%及166%，而於60%伸長量之表面及中心的拉伸模數(tensile modulus)更大幅從100%增加到234%及286%，而對於120%伸長量之表面及中心的拉伸模數亦大幅由100%增加到202%及282%，成功的增加聚氯丁二烯交鏈。另外，由於撕裂強度(tear strength)為三維空間之交鏈強度，一般補強材很難有效提昇其強度，經本研究之改質製程後，表面及中心之撕裂強度亦從100%提高至148%及158%。對於橡膠而言，伸長率及交鏈程度通常呈現相反的驅勢，當拉伸強度隨交鏈程度增加而增強時，伸長率卻開始下降，因而造成改質的一大困難，經由本研究之改質製程，成功地將破斷伸長率(elongation-at-break)之表面及中心點分別由100%增至105%及111%。

The main objective of this thesis is to study the modification of nanoclay-montmorillonite (MMT). The study firstly aims to study amphibious montmorillonite, which is produced by replacing the sodium ions normally found in clay with polyoxyethylene (POE)-amine cations. The modifications of various surfactants on montmorillonite are also studied. Secondly, the dispersibility and mechemnism of various modified montmorillonite in various solutions are studied. Thirdly, the bubble forming characteristics, mechanical properties and the composite mechanism of polychloroprene/MMT nanocomposites are examined.

Five different modifying cations where tested and an wide angle X-ray diffractmeter (WAXRD) was used to measure the change in d-spacing of MMT. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was employed to investigate the morphology of the modified clays. The bonding of the modified and unmodified MMT was examined with a Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer (FTIR).

In studying the dispersibility, a laser particle size distribution analyzer and an X-ray particle size analyzer were used to measure the particle size of the clays in various hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) value solutions. Dobrat’s method is applied to calculate the dispersibility of each clay and Stoke’s law is used to evaluate the settling rate. The results reveal that amphibious montmorillonite has a high d-spacing and good dispersion characteristics in many different types of solutions. When amphibious montmorillonite disperse in polar solutions, the oxygen atoms in POE attract the polar molecules of the solution and creat H-bonding force. This H-bonding force helps modified montmorillonite to disperse well in these solutions.

In investigating the mechanical properties of nanocomposites, the principal objective is to improve the mechanical properties of polychloroprene through the addition of montmorillonite. The polychloroprene/MMT composite was characterized by WAXRD, SEM and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Three different processes were employed to study the polychloroprene/MMT nanocomposite. The results show that the polychloroprene/MMT nanocomposite was successfully produced when the polymerization process did not include ethylene thiourea (ETU). The MMT was exfoliated in the polychloroprene matrix. The tensile strength of polychloroprene was increased from 100 % to 136 % and 166 % on the surface and center, separately. The 60 % tensile modulus of polychloroprene was significantly improved from 100 % to 234 % and 286 % on the surface and center, separately. The 120 % thesile modulus of polychloroprene was increased from 100 % to 202 % and 282 % on the surface and center, separately. These results reaveal that the crosslinking of polychloroprene was increased by the addition of MMT. Espectially, the tear strength represents the 3-D crosslinking strength. The filler such as carbon black and fiber cannot improve the tear strength largely. However, after the modification of montmorillonite, the tear strength of polychloroprene was increased from 100 % to 148 % and 158 % on the surface and center, separately. Furthermore, the percentage of elongation usually has opposite trend to the degree of crosslinking. Threrefore, the decrease of elongation cause is a big issue when filler was added into polymer. In this study, the elongation-at-break was successfully improved from 100 % to 105 % and 111 % on the surface and center, separately.

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