| 研究生: |
林麗慧 Lin, Li-Hsu |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
臺灣地震活動b值的時空研究變化 Spatial and temporal variations of b values in Taiwan seismicity |
| 指導教授: |
饒瑞鈞
Rau, Ruey-Juin |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
理學院 - 地球科學系碩士在職專班 Department of Earth Sciences (on the job class) |
| 論文出版年: | 2011 |
| 畢業學年度: | 99 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 73 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 地震b值 、地震活動 、集集大地震 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | b value, earthquake seismicity, earthquake precursors |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:182 下載:5 |
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| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
地震活動度異常的分析,被視為地震前兆現象研究中極為重要的課題。地震活動反應著地殼應力、應變在時間與空間上的相聯性,而地震活化(地震活動增加)和寧靜(地震活動頻率減少)是兩種最為廣泛討論的現象。Gutenberg與Richter於1944年研究加州地震提出log N = a – b M,將特定區域規模大於或等於M以上的累積地震個數定義為N,計算出地震活動的特性;a值在數學上的意義為直角坐標上的截距;b值為直線方程式的斜率,當中的b值是目前認為探討地震最重要的參數。
本研究藉由1991至2010年中完整的地震目錄,來分析大地震發生前是否有明顯之前兆發生。分析結果發現1999年Mw 7.6之集集大地震,曾伴隨著前震(地震規模>4.0)的發生。此外,在集集地震震源區之b值於地震發生前一年有下降的趨勢,而b值下降的區塊和集集地震發生的位置與發生的時間相當接近。同區域b值的時間變化曲線在大地震發生前三年亦有相同走勢。依曲線來分類,大致上可分成曲線向下及向上兩大類。而集中在集集大地震震央的區塊中,以曲線向下型態分佈居多。在1996-1997年間、1997-1998年間,b值下降代表著某一些區域開始有地震活動的發生,前者與後者兩個時間點,前者比後者提早一年反應。而 1999年到發生大地震前,b值上升到2,代表著這個時期整體地震活動有異常變化的現象。
Abnormal seismic activity analysis has been considered as a very important issue for the earthquake precursory searching. Seismic activation (increase in seismic activity) and quiet (less seismic activity) are two mostly wide discussed abnormal seismic activity phenomena, which response to the spatiotemporal variations of crustal stress and strain. A change in seismicity trend occurred before some major events can be regarded as a possible precursor. The frequency reproduction relation log N = a –b M was proposed in the study of the California earthquake by Gutenberg and Richter in 1944, to calculate the characteristics of earthquake activity in a specific area, N is defined as the accumulative number of earthquakes with magnitude larger than or equal to M. The mathematical meaning of a-value is the intercept of Cartesian coordinate system, while the meaning of b-value is the slope of line equation, in which the b value is currently considered as the most important parameters of earthquake analyses. In this study, we used the complete earthquake catalog from 1991 to 2010, to understand that whether the precursor occurred before the major earthquake. One decade before the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, the smaller b values are observed less than 35km in depth near the source area of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake. According to the temporal variation b values, we mainly divided the b values curves into two types: the downward moving curve and the upward moving curve. The major type of b value curves near the source area of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake is the downward moving curve. The meaning of decreased b value here may imply the occurrence of earthquake in some area during 1996-1997 and 1997-1998. The response of epoch for the b value change of the earlier case is about one year earlier than the latter case. The b value increased to 2 before the major earthquake. So it might imply the abnormal variation of seismic activity during this period.
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