聯合國政府間氣候變遷專門委員會 (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC) 所公布之氣候變遷第六次評估報告AR6 Climate Change 2021:The Physical Science Basis指出，亞洲地區數十年內仍維持溫度上升之趨勢，各國為達成巴黎協定 (Paris Agreement) 中限制氣溫升幅在1.5℃內之目標，紛紛將降低能源使用、減緩全球暖化訂為政策重心。台灣也在能源政策中將節能減碳訂為目標以降低能源消耗量、回應環境永續發展，但近十年來台灣電力與天然氣消費比例逐漸增加，其中住宅部門的能源消耗量成長率為所有部門之冠。
過往實證研究結果顯示，居住密集程度與平均樓地板住宅能源消費量呈現二次函數關係，為了解該現象是否適用都市與鄉村等不同型態，本研究以台灣電力公司所公布之村里住宅售電量為基礎，並以2018年台灣本島村里為研究範圍，透過多元迴歸模型驗證台灣居住密度對於住宅能源消耗之關係是否符合規模經濟理論之假設，並試圖尋找適合台灣都市的最適居住密度範圍。
實證結果顯示，在都市與鄉村間主要影響電力消耗之因素不同，鄉村地區的電力消耗主要受到村里空調持有數與容積率影響，而在都市與鄉村，居住密度與住宅能源消耗之關係皆可驗證規模經濟之假設，呈現二次曲線。透過不同氣候類型之分群結果顯示，全台都市可視為一整體，較不受氣候類型差異影響。最後根據迴歸式與都市樣本的邊際影響比較，當容積率達到103%，每平方公尺樓地板面積的住宅用電量最低，為最適居住密度。

According to the IPCC, the rising temperature in Asia will continue in the next few decades. To achieve the Paris Agreement's goal, countries have set reducing energy use and slowing down global warming as their policy priorities. Taiwan has also set energy conservation and carbon reduction as targets in its energy policy to reduce energy consumption and respond to sustainable environmental development, but the proportion of electricity and natural gas consumption in Taiwan has gradually increased over the past decade, with the residential sector having the highest growth rate of all sectors.
Previous research shows that residential density and per floor area residential energy consumption has a quadratic function relationship. In this research, taking the villages of Taiwan in 2018 as the studied area, the multiple regression model is used to verify whether the relationship between Taiwan's living density and residential energy consumption conforms to the assumptions of the theory of economies of scale, and attempts to find the optimal living density range.
The results show the difference between the factors affecting electricity consumption in urban and rural areas. Electricity consumption in rural areas is mainly affected by the number of air conditioners in the village and the floor area ratio. In urban and rural areas, the relationship between residential density and residential energy consumption can Validate the assumption of economies of scale, showing a quadratic curve. Through the results of regression in different climate types, the whole Taiwan city can be regarded as a whole and is less affected by the difference in climate types. Finally, according to the regression equation and the marginal impact of urban samples, when the floor area ratio reaches 103%, the residential electricity consumption per square meter of floor area is the lowest, which is the optimal living density.

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