黏土礦物由四面體層 (Tetrahedral layer) 及八面體層 (Octahedral layer) 所組成。結構中 T/O 層的比例為1者稱為1：1型，若T/O 層的比例為2則稱為2：1型。結構中若發生陽離子取代效應，則可使黏土礦物帶負電荷而吸附其他陽離子以維持電荷平衡。此吸附效應可應用於復育被重金屬污染之環境。本研究中以黏土礦物 (高嶺石及蒙脫石) 與鎘及鉛溶液反應，探討溶液重金屬濃度和pH值對元素在此系統中分配情形之影響。研究中發現反應過程中溶液之鎘與鉛濃度的變化可分為兩種主要類型。pH值為2的鎘溶液，其鎘濃度會在溶液加入黏土礦物後，在靜置過程中會從200 ppb降到大約100 ppb。但震盪之後，鎘濃度又會回升至大約180 ppb。停止震盪後，鎘濃度又降回約100 ppb。造成此現象的原因為低pH值與表面吸附的共同影響，而不是層間離子交換。對大部分pH值大於4的溶液，鎘與鉛的濃度在反應的過程中下降，且不因震盪而脫附鎘與鉛，推測此現象應受層間離子交換所控制。三種黏土礦物對鎘之吸附效應由強而弱順序為鈣鎂蒙脫石－鈉蒙脫石－高嶺石；對鉛的吸附效應則依鈣鎂蒙脫石－高嶺石－鈉蒙脫石之次序遞減。此外，鈣鎂蒙脫石可以有效減少金瓜石酸性礦水洩流溶液中的鉛濃度，而古亭坑泥岩對溶液中鉛的吸附效應較高嶺土與蒙脫石強，可能與其成份中的伊萊石 (illite) 及有機物質有關。

Clay minerals are composed of tetrahedral (T) and octahedral (O) sheets. The ones with T/O ratio of 1 are referred to as 1:1 type, whereas those with T/O ratio of 2 are referred to as 2:1 types. Cation substitutions in the structures of clay minerals result in negative charges, which must absorb other cations to maintain charge balance. Such adsorptions bear implications on remedying heavy metal-contaminated environments. In this research, we carried out experiments of interactions between clay minerals (including kaolinite and montmorillonite) and Cd-Pb solutions to evaluate the controls of metal concentrations and pH values on elemental distributions between reactants. It is found that the Cd and Pb concentrations in solutions show two types of variations during reaction. The Cd concentration in the solution with low pH values of ~2 (in some cases, ~4) decreased from 200 ppb to ~100 ppb when the system was kept still, but increased to ~180 ppb after shaking the container. Ceasing shaking brought the Cd concentration back to ~100 ppb. This phenomenon is attributed to the combined effect of low pH value and surface adsorption instead of interlayer cation exchange. For most solutions with pH values of > 4, their Cd and Pb concentrations decreased as reaction proceeded without desorption after shaking. Such variation pattern is inferred to reflect the control of interlayer cation exchange. The abilities of adsorbing Cd and Pb increase in the orders of Kaolinite – Na-montmorillonite – Ca-Mg-montmorillonite and Na-montmorillonite – Kaolinite– Ca-Mg-montmorillonite, respectively. Ca-Mg-montmorillonite can effectively reduce the Pb content in the acid-mine-drainage from Chinkuashich and mudstone from the Gu-Ting-Kun formation bears Pb adsorption ability stronger than kaolinite and montmorillonite possibly reflecting the controls of illite and organic matters.

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