近年來受到極端氣候的影響，且因降雨型態的改變，臺灣面臨嚴重的缺水危機，本研究以臺灣南部屏東平原作為研究區域，提出一個簡單、有效且即時的缺水指標，首先利用標準化地下水位指數評估法(SGI)及標準化雨量指數評估法(SPI)分析地下水位資料及雨量資料，探討SGI與SPI兩者之間的相關性，並瞭解到不同區域地下水會有著不同的時間特性。另以標準化地下水位指數評估法(SGI)分析歷史地下水位變動，瞭解過去時間中研究區域地下水位變動強度與持續時間，本研究將SGI180條件下平均地下水位視為發生中等缺水情形之地下水位歷線，而以SGI360條件下平均地下水位視為發生極度缺水情形之地下水位歷線。透過分析SGI180以及SGI360條件所顯示的缺水訊號年份，將屏東平原地下水分成兩個不同區域，藉此指標建立屏東平原地下水位管理標準線，進而管理屏東平原地下水之用水情形，並評估該研究區域適合開發地下水之區位，若考慮在屏東平原進行地下水資源開發，其最適合做為長期穩定開發的地下水區域位於旗山溪下游以及東港溪中上游處，其剛好位處自由含水層及承壓含水層之交界。考慮到枯水期間水資源較匱乏，因此本研究另篩選出緊急備源水之區域，但在地下水開發上仍以長期穩定開發區域為優先考量。最後，本研究之研究成果將有助於政府即時掌握缺水狀況並解決水資源調配之問題。

Taiwan has been facing severe water crises in recent years owing to the effects of extreme weather conditions. Changes in precipitation patterns have also made the drought phenomenon increasingly prominent, which has indirectly affected groundwater recharge. Hence, in the present study, long-term monitoring data were collected from the study area of the Pingtung plain. The standardized groundwater index (SGI) and standardized precipitation index (SPI) were then used to analyse the region’s drought characteristics. After calculation and analysis of the cross correlation function between the SGI and the SPI, understanding that different region groundwater has different time characteristics. To analyse the groundwater level by using SGI, making SGI180 groundwater level be the medium water crises, and SGI360 groundwater level be the extreme water crises. Through the different water crises signal in SGI180 and SGI360, we divide groundwater in Pingtung plain into two sections. Thereby the water crises indicators establishing groundwater level standard line in Pingtung Plain, then using the groundwater level standard line to find the study area where could be groundwater development area in Pingtung plain. Considering groundwater development area in Pingtung plain, the most suitable locations as a long-term groundwater development area are located downstream in Qi Shan river and upstream in Tung Kang river, which are located between freedom aquifer and confined aquifer. Taking into account relatively more water scarcity in dry season, so the study screen out another emergency backup groundwater development area, but the long-term groundwater development area is still as a priority development area. Finally, the result of study will help the government to grasp the water shortage situation immediately and solve the problem of water resources deployment.

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