隨著氣候變遷，許多研究發現全球各地過去數十年強降雨量隨全球溫度的上升而增加 (Karl and Knight 1998, Goswami et al. 2006, Lau and Wu 2007)，台灣在都市維持高密度發展的框架下將面臨都市高溫、都市水患...等複合式災害衝擊，其不僅限於建成環境，對居民健康與生活品質將產生更多層面的負面影響。為了因應熱災與淹水所帶來的衝擊並提升居民之生活舒適性。本研究選定都市發展程度高且位於盆地地形，容易蓄熱、午後雷陣雨頻繁易淹水之台北市市中心區作為研究範圍，藉由整合災害風險之三個因素，危害度、暴露度以及脆弱度/調適能力指認熱、水災發生高風險範圍並對其提出調適策略以及量化行人舒適度提升效益。首先建立熱及水災之複合式風險評估模式來指認危害度高之範圍並進一步加入行人密集集中區域，進行既有建成環境的災害危害度以及暴露程度分析，指認災害風險高、潛在人流集中之範圍，作為未來居民步行等舒適及健康度改善的建議區域。
複合式風險評估分為熱及水災兩部分，熱災評估方式以BCLab都會區高密度溫溼度即時量測網(High density Street-level Air temperature observations Network, HiSAN)即時監測數據、中央氣象局逐時氣象監測資料，透過RayMan換算之生理等效溫度(Physiological Equivalent Temperature , PET)做為評估指標，而水災則以降雨強度為78.8mm/hr之臺北市降雨淹水模擬圖作為依據並將兩項指標以100m*100m之網格呈現統計標準化之結果，指認危害度高風險範圍。
潛在行人集中之區域則以107年臺北市民眾日常使用運具狀況摘要分析為依據，其數據指出捷運為所有公共運具中使用占比最高之運輸選擇並且依照人均步行可接受時間，界定捷運站出站五分鐘步行範圍內步行路徑為潛在人流集中範圍。
針對上述區域，本研究提出脆弱度調適策略，如:規劃低衝擊開發(Low Impact Development , LID)、遮蔭以及綠化保水等設施並藉由本研究建立之生理等效溫度(PET)預測式量化建議施作情境，模擬環境改善後之情形，以評估其對於人體舒適性提升之效果。此研究成果期能指認高溫、高淹水等風險區域並得以指認綠化保水、低衝擊開發設施之優先施作範圍以及具體估算人體舒適性提升效益。

Over the past few decades, Heavy rainfall has increased with the rise of air temperature worldwide. As high-density urban development in Taiwan so as to mitigate the impact of heat stress and flooding problems further to elevate the comfort of residents among the city. In this study, The downtown area of Taipei City is selected as the study area and the study was divided into three parts. First, by integrating three factors of disaster hazard, exposure, and vulnerability to identify areas at high risk of heat stress and flooding. Second, focus on this area to propose adaptation strategies and finally use multiple regression analysis and buffer analysis to establish Physiological Equivalent Temperature(PET), Mean radiant temperature(Tmrt) and air temperature(Ta) formulas to quantify the benefits of environmental improvement strategies.
The results show that a 15% increase in greening and permeable area would reduce 0.4 degree in Physiological Equivalent Temperature, and a further increase to 50% would reduce nearly 1 degree in Physiological Equivalent Temperature. Besides, the study also showed that if reducing 0.07 in sky view factor(SVF) would result in a 0.39 degree reduction in Physiological Equivalent Temperature.
The results of the study are expected to identify risk areas of high temperature and high flooding so as to identify priorities for greening and implementing Low Impact Development(LID) facilities, and quantify the benefits of pedestrian comfort.

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