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研究生： 彭立獻
Peng, Li-Hsien
論文名稱： 庫克三片式鏡頭之分析與設計
The Analysis and Design of Cooke Triplet Lens
指導教授： 林昌進
Lin, Psang-Dain
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 機械工程學系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年： 2017
畢業學年度： 105
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 69
中文關鍵詞： 庫克三片式鏡頭 、幾合光學 、鏡頭設計 、像差
外文關鍵詞： Cooke Triplet Lens, Geometrical Optics, Lens Design, Aberrations Correction, Optics
相關次數： 點閱：334  下載：18 
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    • 在攝影的發展歷史中，人類對影像品質的追求從未停歇，除了相機本身的優劣之外，鏡頭的性能更對作品成像有直接的影響。所有的光學系統皆有像差存在，人類的眼睛也不例外，消除或減少像差成為鏡頭設計的重要任務之一。

    庫克三片式鏡頭是消除所有初級賽爾德像差之鏡頭中最簡單的設計，此種配置之系統變數恰能夠控制與消除七種初級像差(球差、彗差、像散、場曲、畸變、軸向色差、橫向色差)，以及求得系統焦度。因此在眾多種類的鏡頭中，較適合以幾何光學與數學的角度來分析變數與像差之關係。

    本文首先簡介各種類之照相機鏡頭、七種初級賽爾德像差，進而透
    過幾合光學與薄透鏡理論建立與推導出庫克三片式鏡頭之數學模型，探
    討變數對鏡頭表現之影響，再以光學模擬軟體Zemax 對庫克三片式鏡頭
    進行模擬與最佳化，比較探討其結果。最後結論探討庫克三片式鏡頭之
    應用與未來展望。

    The aberrations exist in every optical system. Therefore, reducing the aberration is an important goal when the lens been designed. The Cooke triplet lens has 8 variables which can exactly control all the primary Seidel Aberrations and determine the system focal power. With some principles of geometrical optics and the theory of thin lens, we can establish a mathematical model to calculate the aberrations. Moreover, the mathematical model can also analyze variable contribution to the total aberration of the optical system. Then, Zemax is used to verify the correctness of mathematical model and further optimize the optical system. After optimizing, we can obtain the detail data of all lens elements. These data can be further used in the practical manufacturing.

    目錄 中文摘要................................................. I Extended Abstract ..................................... II 致謝 ................................................. VII 圖目錄 ................................................. XI 表目錄 ................................................ XIV 符號說明 ............................................... XV 第一章 緒論 ............................................. 1 1.1 照相機鏡頭分類 ...................................... 1 1.1.1 雙高斯型鏡頭 Double Gauss lenses .................. 1 1.1.2 庫克三片式鏡頭 Cooke Triplet ...................... 3 1.1.3 佩茲瓦人像鏡頭 Petzval portrait ................... 4 1.1.4 遠攝鏡頭 Telephoto ................................ 5 1.1.5 逆遠攝鏡頭Reverse Telephoto ....................... 6 1.2 像差 ............................................... 6 1.2.1 球差 Spherical Aberration ........................ 7 1.2.2 彗差 Coma ........................................ 8 1.2.3 像散 Astigmatism ................................. 9 1.2.4 場曲 Petzval field curvature .................... 10 1.2.5 畸變 Distortion ................................. 11 1.2.6 色差 chromatic aberration ....................... 12 第二章 庫克三片式鏡頭公式 ............................... 14 2.1 系統焦度 ........................................... 14 2.2 場曲 .............................................. 16 2.3 色差 .............................................. 19 2.3.1 軸向色差 axial chromatic aberration .............. 20 2.3.2 橫向色差 lateral chromatic aberration ............ 22 2.3.3 色差公式 ......................................... 24 第三章 鏡頭公差與靈敏度分析 ............................. 27 3.1 單透鏡元件焦度靈敏度推導 ............................ 27 3.2 單透鏡元件焦度靈敏度分析 ............................ 29 3.3 庫克三片式鏡頭焦度靈敏度 ............................ 31 第四章 庫克三片式鏡頭設計 ............................... 33 4.1 庫克三片式鏡頭概論 .................................. 33 4.2 庫克三片式鏡的變數 .................................. 33 4.3 變數的結論 ......................................... 35 4.4 數學公式推導 ....................................... 35 4.5 透鏡元件玻璃材質的選擇 .............................. 39 4.6 設計的範例與探討 ................................... 40 4.7 其他像差的校正 ..................................... 42 第五章 軟體驗證與最佳化 ................................. 44 5.1 模擬之初始參數 ..................................... 44 5.2 初始庫克三片式鏡頭之設定與結果 ....................... 45 5.3 庫克三片式鏡頭之最佳化與結果 ......................... 50 5.3.1 單一視場最佳化分析 ................................ 51 5.3.2 多視場最佳化分析 ................................. 59 第六章 結論與展望 ...................................... 66 參考文獻 ............................................... 68

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