因應全球高齡化趨勢發展，老年人口比例逐年提升，高齡族群之健康狀況將對一地區社會經濟之發展造成衝擊，其中以認知議題為最，而建成環境作為由人建構之物理環境，以都市計畫為手段，可營造出具支持性之環境，以促進地方居民之身心健康；再者，現有針對建成環境與認知狀況之關聯研究，以歐美國家居多，而台灣於這方面之現有研究和政策方向，主要以個體因素之改善為主，對於環境因素之著墨較為不足，為預防認知議題為社經發展所帶來之衝擊，故透過本研究進行驗證。
本研究透過文獻回顧，彙整近期國外相關研究成果，整理具關聯性之環境因素，並了解國內的研究和政策方向，以作為後續驗證之參考，同時，亦從中了解不同建成環境評估方式及其優劣，以此避免產生都市計畫與當地居民真實需求間之落差，並針對不同評估方式之建成環境和認知狀況間進行交叉討論，以此建立四大研究假設，並根據台南市中西區建成環境之類型，進行集群分析，將各里劃分為有機式發展的舊城區，和計畫導入式發展的新市鎮，並從中選取南廠里、開山里、淺草里和郡王里作為實證地區，以65至84歲之高齡族群為研究對象，進行問卷發放和數據蒐集；問卷內容分為三大部分，包含受訪者環境感知狀況、認知狀態和其個體背景資料，及實證地區建成環境因素之數據量化，透過敘述性統計和關聯分析，驗證各項因素與認知狀況間之關聯，分別給予學術和實務方面之建議，以利營造具支持性之環境。
研究成果可發現，建成環境各項因素經客觀數據量化，其與使用者認知狀況之關聯性會因不同的都市發展歷程而有所差異，本研究發現，即便位於同一行政區不同空間結構的里，與該地與該地高齡居民認知狀況具關聯之環境因素便具明顯不同，反映現今國內外針對高齡者環境認知議題之研究，所探討之空間範疇過廣，較無法細緻反映地方高齡族群之獨特性；同時，在建成環境環境感知的部分，本研究藉由問卷調查，了解地方高齡者對居住地周邊環境之感知狀況，以及其與認知狀況間所具之關聯性；再者，透過問卷調查，實際與當地高齡族群交流可發現，基於人與環境配適度(P-E fit)理論，和同儕與鄰里掌權者之壓力影響，高齡者即便感受到鄰里建成環境的不足之處，於問卷填寫中多傾向中立反饋，使得部分環境因素難以判斷與認知狀況之關聯；本研究於實務層面提出建議，未來都市計畫應當將高齡族群對於空間配置之需求，納入考量；同時，規劃單元根據建成環境不同的組成形式，應依照鄰里界線進行配置；在學術層面，本研究為橫斷面之研究，而建成環境與高齡族群之間為長期且交互影響之關係，後續建議進行長期追蹤分析，以辨識兩者之間的動態因果關係，並提出最適配台灣高齡族群之空間改善策略與建議。

With the growth of the elderly population, the focus on health issues has increased. Cognitive impairment is part of health issues that impact the function of daily living and the independence of the elderly. Furthermore, with the prevalence of dementia increasing, the loading of medical and social welfare in a region has also increased. Based on population statistics, the prevalence of dementia in Taiwan is 7.78%, and the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment is 16.04%. Moreover, many patients were not diagnosed with cognitive impairment based on statistical data, even ninety percent of patients still live in the community. At the same time, the research and policies in Taiwan focused on improving the individual factors. The discussion of environmental factors is not sufficient. Therefore, this study explores the relationship between the built environment and cognitive impairment to prevent the influence of cognitive issues on social and economic development.

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