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研究生：	書亞當 Book, Adam
論文名稱：	促進老年人獨立及高品質生活的居家服裝設計 Promoting Independence and Higher Quality of Life among the Aged within a Household Setting through Elderly-Centric Clothing Design
指導教授：	吳豐光 Wu, Fong-Gong
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	規劃與設計學院 - 工業設計學系 Department of Industrial Design
論文出版年：	2016
畢業學年度：	104
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	124
外文關鍵詞：	ergonomics, design, elderly, geriatric, clothing design
相關次數：	點閱：115 下載：4
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This study aims to examine challenges found in current elderly attire in a home environment for the purpose of developing improved clothing designs that can support greater independence in personal settings and a higher quality of life among the aged. Dressing is a daily ritual that can prove difficult for those with limited movement (Mann et al., 2005; Pennathur, Sivasubramaniam, & Contreras, 2003); moreover clothing appearance can impact the psychological well-being of an elderly wearer (Høy, Wagner, & Hall, 2007; Topo & Iltanen-Tähkävuori, 2010).
During preliminary research, a single-driver morphological analysis model was proposed to qualify an optimal combination of variables for improvement. A field investigation, in concert with brainstorming, will be utilized to ensure alignment with geriatric needs and to solicit feedback in early stages of the design process. Mock-ups of designs will be reviewed in a focus group setting. Feedback from the focus group will influence design elements built into test-prototypes.
Based upon feedback during primary research, prototypes will be developed and tested against standard sets of elderly-targeted clothing. It is believed that new elderly clothing designs that incorporate both practical and emotional elements will lead to improved satisfaction among wearers. This, in turn, should positively affect quality of life among the aged in terms of self-image and independence.
The ultimate objective of this study is to understand what aspects of un-aided dressing remain difficult for the elderly, to determine what appearances are most preferable and to develop new solutions that measurably confront these issues in ways that are given preference by elderly users in a home setting, leading to an overall higher quality of life within elderly populations.

SUMMARY	i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS	iii
LIST OF TABLES	vi
LIST OF FIGURES	vii
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS	ix
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION	1
1.1 Background	1
1.2 Motivation	3
1.3 Purpose	4
1.4 Framework of Study	5
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW	7
2.1 Quality of Life: Influencing Factors and Measurement	7
2.2 Anatomical Transformations Exhibited Among the Elderly	8
2.2.1 Dexterity	8
2.2.2 Height and Posture	9
2.3 Psychological Considerations	9
2.3.1 Impact upon Confidence	9
2.3.2 Views on Institutional Clothing	10
2.3.3 Psychological Impact upon Physical Health	10
2.4 Existing Design Limitations	11
2.4.1 Ease of Use	11
2.4.2 Proper Fit	11
2.5 Methodologies Reviewed	11
2.5.1 Morphological Analysis	12
2.5.2 Brainstorming	12
2.5.3 Exploratory Field Research	12
2.5.4 Focus Groups	13
2.6 Summary	13
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY	14
3.1 Experiment Outline	14
3.1.1 Experimental Process	14
3.1.2 Framework of the Experiment	15
3.2 Study 1 Development of Garment Prioritization	16
3.2.1 Field Study	17
3.2.2 Data Analysis of Field Investigation	18
3.2.3 Morphological Analysis	22
3.3 Study 2 Development of Garment Design	24
3.3.1 Expert Interviews	24
3.3.2 Brainstorming	27
3.3.3 Focus Group	28
3.3.4 Equipment and Materials	37
3.3.5 Prototype Design	39
3.4 Evaluation	43
3.4.1 Framework of Experiment	43
3.4.2 Participants	45
3.4.3 Equipment	46
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND ANALYSIS	47
4.1 Accordance to Objective	48
4.2 Response to New Designs: Pre-test	48
4.3 Prototype Test	52
4.3.1 Outfits Tested	52
4.3.2 Anatomical Angle Measurement	54
CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION	65
5.1 Discussion	65
5.1.1 Limitations and Opportunities for Improvement	67
5.1.2 Recommendations and Future Development	67
5.1.3 Opportunity and Distribution	68
5.2 Conclusion	69
REFERENCES	71
Appendix A CATEGORIES OF QOL	79
Appendix B FIELD STUDY QUESTIONNAIRE	80
Appendix C FOCUS GROUP QUESTIONNAIRE	83
Appendix D PRE-TEST QUESTIONNAIRE	94
Appendix E PROTOTYPE TEST	99
Appendix F FOCUS GROUP DATA SET 1: PROTOTYPE EVALUATION	104
Appendix G PRE-TEST QUESTIONNAIRE DATA SET	108
Appendix H EXPERT INTERVIEW QUESTIONS	109
Appendix I  PROTOTYPE TEST DATA	111
Appendix J T-TESTS: DRESSING	116
Appendix K T-TESTS: PERCEPTIONS	121

LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1 Design Insights	21
Table 3.2  Likert Scale Questions During Following Dressing	45
Table 4.1 Anatomical Angle Measurements, in degrees	56
Table 4.2 Donning and Removal: Notable t-Test Values	58
Table 4.3 Comfort and Confidence: Notable t-Test Values	62


LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 Global Old-Age Dependency Ratio 65+/(15-64) Increases 1950-2010	2
Figure 1.2 Utilitarian Clothing Design for Men	4
Figure 1.3 Framework of Study	6
Figure 3.1 Framework of Experiment	16
Figure 3.2 Velcro Perceptions: Taiwan	19
Figure 3.3 Type of Shirt Most Frequently Worn	20
Figure 3.4 Dressing Position	20
Figure 3.5 Press Button Fastener Opportunity	22
Figure 3.6 Morphological Analysis Field	23
Figure 3.7 Smartphone Questionnaire Interface	30
Figure 3.8 Perceptions of Personal Fashion: “I dress fashionably.”	32
Figure 3.9 Fastener Types Reviewed	32
Figure 3.10 Top: Perceptions of Elderly Fashion vs. Bottom: Desires to be fashionable when becoming Aged	33
Figure 3.11 Preferences: Appearance vs. Comfort	34
Figure 3.12 Preferences: Appearance (Left) vs. Convenience (Right)	34
Figure 3.13 Preferences: Comfort (Left) vs. Convenience (Right)	35
Figure 3.14 Focus Group Evaluation of Prototypes	36
Figure 3.15  Focus Group Construct	38
Figure 3.16 Prototype 1 Shirt	39
Figure 3.17 Prototype 1 Pants	40
Figure 3.18 Cuff Assistance	41
Figure 3.19 Prototype 2 Shirt: Front Placket	41
Figure 3.20 Prototype 2 Shirt: Cuffs	42
Figure 3.21 Prototype 2 Outfit and Pants	43
Figure 4.1 Pre-test: Shirt Buttons Preference, Ease of Use	49
Figure 4.2 Pre-test: Optimal Fly Closure for Ease of Use	50
Figure 4.3 Pre-test: Average Appearance Rating	50
Figure 4.4 Pre-test: Self-Confidence and Satisfaction Distribution	51
Figure 4.5 Three Tested Clothing Sets	53
Figure 4.6 Prototype C: One-sided Velcro Trousers	54
Figure 4.7 Angle Measurements	55
Figure 4.8 Humeral Elevation and Downward Wrist Flexion	56
Figure 4.9 Positive Correlation: Frontal Waist Flexion and Own Trouser Removal Time	56
Figure 4.10 Donning and Removal: Notable t-Test Charts	58
Figure 4.11 Comfort versus Convenience	60
Figure 4.12 Appearance versus Convenience	60
Figure 4.13 Appearance versus Comfort	60
Figure 4.14 Comfort and Confidence: Notable t-Test Charts	62
Figure 4.15 Appearance and Confidence Correlation: Prototype B	63
Figure 4.16 Appearance and Confidence Correlation: Prototype C	63
Figure 4.17 Easiest Prototype to Put On	64
Figure 4.18 Fastener Preference	64
Figure 5.1 Prototypes and Clothing Sets Tested	66


                                    

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