由過去研究已知人類經由獲取空間資訊建構大腦認知地圖(cognitive map)以儲存環境訊息，而腦區海馬迴(hippocampus)在其中便扮演著重要的角色。人類在空間認知、環境探索與學習環境資訊時，主要可透過兩種不同的途徑獲取空間訊息：路徑式學習(route learning)與地圖式學習(map learning)。過去研究也指出較常使用空間認路機制的個體海馬迴的灰質體積較大，而神經活化相關研究則發現根據學習的方式不同，空間記憶提取時活化的腦區不盡相同。但目前較少研究討論空間資訊提取的行為實驗表現優劣與整個大腦神經活化或腦區體積之間是否存在相關，在兩種地圖學習途徑的提取機制也仍不明確。本研究利用方位判斷行為實驗派典，分別以路徑式學習與地圖式學習作為實驗情境，將每位實驗參與者在行為實驗中的表現與其灰質體積以及神經活化進行相關分析。實驗結果發現在路徑學習情境，行為表現與大腦灰質體積在維持心像相關的額葉(frontal lobe)、扣帶迴(cingulate gyrus)或是心像導航(mental navigation)的楔前葉有負相關，而神經活化則與情節記憶相關的下頂葉、中央溝後側及緣上迴等區域有正相關；在地圖學習的情境，灰質體積則與轉化空間資訊與維持空間心像以及回憶環境地標相關的數個腦區有負相關，神經活化部分則與右側角迴、中顳葉等與空間距離相關的腦區有正相關的結果。我們的研究結果提供了不同的學習途徑在提取空間記憶時大腦區域的活化不同，並且理解哪些腦區的活化或體積與實際行為表徵時有相關，提供了空間能力與大腦區域活化關聯的基礎藍圖，未來或可提供探討大腦與空間能力關係的研究一個參考依據。

Previous studies have shown that cognitive map is an important way for human to understand information about an environment. Also, it has been known hippocampus plays a critical role in forming a cognitive map in previous neuroimaging studies. But less is known about the relation between spatial memory and volume of brain regions or neural representation. Here, we examined the correlations between individual’s behavioral performance in a spatial memory task and the volumes and fMRI activities of brain areas. The results showed different patterns of correlations for gray matter volumes and activations in two map learning conditions. This result might provide evidence for correlations between volumes and activations of brain regions with spatial memory performance.

中文文獻
許雅勛（2017）。以行為及fMRI研究探討認知地圖與製圖式地圖之空間記憶提取歷程。國立成功大學心理學系碩士論文，台南市。

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