簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

回結果列表
研究生： 張旭諒
Zang, Chui-Ching
論文名稱： 利用加速型溶劑萃取法萃取土壤中五氯酚
Extraction of pentachlorophenol from soil by Accelerated Solvent Extraction
指導教授： 桂椿雄
Kuei, Chun-Shui
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 理學院 - 化學系
Department of Chemistry
論文出版年： 2002
畢業學年度： 90
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 58
中文關鍵詞： 加速型溶劑萃取 、五氯酚
外文關鍵詞： pentachlorophenol, Accelerated Solvent Extraction
相關次數： 點閱：98  下載：1 
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報

    • 　　加速型溶劑萃取法是利用高溫、高壓的系統來萃取固態樣品中的待測物，此方法具有快速且溶劑用量少的優點.
    　　近年來已經有許多相關於加速型溶劑萃取的應用研究.包括萃取土壤、飛灰、底泥、食物等固態污染物中的有機物.
    　　本研究即是利用加速型溶劑萃取法，萃取土壤中的五氯酚，藉由萃取溫度、萃取時間、萃取壓力等條件的探討，尋求其最佳的萃取條件，最後實驗發現當溫度:120度、時間:15 min、壓力:100 kg/cm2時，為其最佳的萃取條件，在此條件下對環境中的五氯酚萃取可以得到不錯的回收率約94-100%.

    　　Accelerated solvent Extraction is a rapid and less solvent consumption method compared with traditional solvent extraction techniques. The method is operated in higher temperature and pressure.
    　　ASE has been used to extract analytes from solid samples , including soils , fly ashes , sediments ,foods .
    This research investigated the exaction of pentachlorophenol from the soil.
    　　In the study , the parameters of ASE are investigated including extraction temperature, extraction time, and extraction pressure.
    　　Finally , the efficient operating condition is extraction temperature of 120℃ ,Extraction time of 15 min , extraction pressure of 100 kg/cm2 .In the condition , the recovery of environmental pentachlorophenol is 94-100%.

    目 錄 中文摘要.............................................I 英文摘要............................................II 目錄...............................................III 表目錄..............................................VI 圖目錄.............................................VII 第一章 緒論..........................................1 1.1 什麼是五氯酚.....................................1 1.2 五氯酚進入環境中如何變化.........................2 1.3 五氯酚如何進入人體及排出人體.....................3 1.4 五氯酚如何影響人體的健康.........................4 1.5 關於五氯酚前處理方法之文獻.......................6 1.6 固體樣品的萃取方法...............................8 1.7 實驗目的與架構..................................10 第二章 加速型溶劑萃取法...........................12 2.1 加速型溶劑萃取原理............................12 2.2 加速型溶劑萃取法基本的儀器設備................16 2.3 萃取方式......................................17 2.4 影響加速溶劑萃取法效率的因素..................18 2.5 加速型溶劑萃取法在環境分析上的應用............20 第三章實驗部分....................................21 3.1 實驗藥品......................................21 3.2 脂肪脫脂器裝置................................22 3.3 精密天平......................................22 3.4 加速型溶劑萃取設備............................23 3.5 氣相層析儀....................................25 3.6 淨土製備......................................26 3.7 標準儲備溶液及土樣製備........................27 3.8 製備檢量線....................................27 3.9 加速型溶劑萃取................................28 第四章結果與討論................................29 4.1 淨土的製備與回收率..........................29 4.2 萃取溫度對五氯酚回收率的影響................30 4.3 萃取時間對回收率的影響......................31 4.4 萃取壓力對回收率影響........................31 4.5 最佳條件萃取與環境中樣品....................35 4.6 方法偵測極限................................38 第五章 結論.......................................39 附錄:檢量線和最佳條下萃取之層析圖 表目錄 表1. 實驗所需之藥品及溶劑............................21 表2. 採樣樣品........................................21 表3. 加速型溶劑萃取儀器所用之元件....................24 表4. 氣相層析儀之操作條件............................25 表5. 條件 與 回收率..................................32 表6. 最佳條件與環境樣品中回收率及濃度…..............37 表7. ASE與兩種傳統萃取法比較........................40 表8. MDL分析結果………………………………………………38 表9. 不同濃度下之回收率..............................38 圖目錄 圖一. 五氯酚化學結構圖.............................1 圖二. 加速溶劑萃取裝置意示圖......................16 圖三. 脂肪脫脂器..................................22 圖四. 加速溶劑萃取裝置............................23 圖五. 萃取溫度與平均回收率........................33 圖六. 萃取時間與平均回收率........................34 圖七. 萃取壓力與平均回收率........................34 圖八. 萃取溫度與平均回收率........................33 圖九. 三種不同樣品在最佳條件與回收率之比較........37

    參考文獻
    1. V.P.Kozak,Review of the Environmental Effects of Pollutants；XI.chlorophenols,ReportEPA-600/1-79-012,ORNL/EIS-128,U.S.EPA,Cincinnati,Ohio and Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge ,Tennessee (1979).

    2. D.Cirelli , Patterns of Pentachorophenol Usage in the United States of America－An Overview in pentachorophenol(Edited by k.R.Rao),Marcel Dekker,New York(1978).

    3. C.N.You.；J.C.Liu., Water Sci Tech , 1996,33,263.

    4. A.Maria.；G.,Dave., Marine Environmental Research, 1995 ,39 ,335.

    5.T.L.,Cort.；M.S.,Song.；A.R.,Bielefeldt., Water Research,2002,36,1253.

    6. D.Cortes.；B.G.Jarier.；T.Araceli.Process Biochemistry,2002,37,881.

    7. G.A.Junk.；J.J.Richard., Anal chem. ,1986,962,58.

    8. W.H.Ding.；J.C.H.Fann., Analytica chimica Acta ,2000,408,291.

    9. M.D.David.；J.N.Seiber., Analytical Chemistry ,1996,68,3038.

    10. S.J.Lehotay.；C.H.Lee.,Journal of chromatography A,1997,785,313.

    11. E.Bjorklund.；S.Bowadt.；T.Nilsson.；L.Mathiasson ,Journal of chromatography A , 1999,836,285.

    12. B.E.Richter.；B.A.Jones.；J.L.Ezzell.；N.L.Porter.；N.Avdalovic.；C.Pohl.,Analytical Chemistry,1996,68,1033.

    13. K.S.Pitzer.；L.Brewer.,Thermodynamics,Mc Graw-Hill,New York 1996.

    14. R.H.Perry.；D.W.Green.；J.O.Perr”s chemical Engineers”Handbook；McGraw-Hill ,New York 1984.

    15. G.C.Pimentel.；Mcclellan, A.L.The Hydrogen Bond；Freeman：San Franciso,1960.

    16. J.A.Fisher.；M.J.Scarlett.；A.D.Stott.,Environmental Science and Technology ,1997,31,1123.

    17. M.Okihashi.；H.Obana.；S.Horti., Analyst,1998,123,711.

    18. P.Jurgen.；P.Jorg.；T.Roland.,Journal of chromatography A,2001,909,95.

    19. Yirgoalem Abrha ,D.Roghavan , Journal of Hazardous Materials,2000,380,147.

    20. J.R.Dean,Analtical communications,1996,33,191.

    21. N.Saim.；J.R.Dean.；M.P.Abdullah.；Z.Zakaria, Analytical Chemistry,1998,70,420.

    22. N.Saim.；J.R.Dean. ；M.P.Abdullah.；Z.Zakaria,Journal of chromatography A,1997,791,361.

    23. J.D.Berset.；M.Ejem.；H.Ruth.；L.Peter.,Analytica chimica Acta ,1999,383,263.

    24. S.M.Pyle；A.B.Marcus., Journal of Mass Spectrometry,1997,32,897.

    25. W.C.Brumley.；E.Latorre.；V.Kelliher.；A.Marcus.；D.E.Knowles.,Journal of Liquid chromatography and Related Technologies,1998,21,1199.

    26. B.A.Tomkins.；S.J.Macnaughton.；G.A.Sega.,AnalyticalLetters ,1998,31,1603.

    27.E.,Conte；R.Milani.；G.Morali.；F.Abbale., Journal of chromatography A,1997,765,121.

    28. B.E.Richter., Journal of chromatography A,2000,874,217.

    29. A.,Kreisselmeier.；H.W.Durbeck., Journal of chromatography A,1997,775,187.

    30. A.Kreisselmeier.；H.W.Durbeck.,Fresenius Journal of Analytical chemistry ,1996,354,921.

    31. O.P.Heemken.；N.Theobald.；B.W.Wenclawiak., Analytical chemistry,1997,69,2171

    32. H.J.Vandenbury.；A.A.Clifford.；K.D.Bartle.；S.A.Zhu.；J.Carroll.；I.D.Newton.；L.M.Garden., Analytical chemistry,1998,70,1943.

    33. W.X.Lou.；H.G.Janssen.；C.A.Gramers., Analytical chemistry,1997,69,1598.

    34. M.Waldeback.；F.J.Senorans.；C.Jansson.；K.E.Markides.,Analyst,1998,123,1205.

    35. E.Bjorklund.；T.Nisson.,trends in analytical chemistry,2000,19,7.

    36. L.J.Fittzparick.；J.R.Dean.；H.I.Michael.；k.Harradine., Journal of chromatography A,2000,874,257.

    37. B.Benthin.；H.Danz.；M.Hamburger., Journal of chromatography A,1999,837,211.

    38. C.T.D.Costa.；S.A.Margolis.；B.A.Benner.；D.Horton.,Journal of chromatography A,1999,831,167.

    39. Alonso-Salces.；E.Korta.；A.Barranco.；L.A.Berrueta.；B.Gallo.；F.Vicente., Journal of chromatography A,2001,933,37.

    40. L.J.Fitzpatrick.；J.R.Dean.；M.H.I.Comber.；k.Harradine.；K.P.Evans.；S.Pearson., Journal of chromatography A,2000,873,287.

    41. E.Bjorklund.；C.V.Holst.；E.Anklam.,trends in analytical chemistry,2002,21,1.

    42. M.S.S.Curren.；J,W.King., Journal of chromatography A,2002,954,41.

    43. J.Porschmann.；J.Plugge.；R.Toth., Journal of chromatography A,2001,909,95.

    44. Klaus Schafer,Analytica chimica Acta,1998,358,69.

    45. W.H.Ding.；J.C.H.Fann., Journal of chromatography A,2000,886,79.

    46. S.Chiron.；S.Roy.；R.Cottier.；R.Jeannot., Journal of chromatography A,2000,878,137.

    47. C.G.Arnold.；M.Berg.；S.R.Muller.；U.Dommann.；R.P.Schwarzenbach., Analytical chemistry ,1998,70,3094.

    48. 周生郁、利用加速型溶劑萃取法萃取米樣中的重金屬，國立成功大學化學所碩士論文，1999.

    49. 羅登耀，超臨界流體萃取土壤中的多本環芳香烃化合物之研究，國立成功大學化學所碩士論文，1996.

    50. M.Florence.；M.Carissan.；T.H.Hutchinson.；A.R.Beaument.；R.K.Pipe.,Development ＆Comparative Immunology,1997,21,125.

    51. R.McGrath.；I.Singletion.,Soil Biology＆Biochemistry, 2000,32,1311.

    52. T.Padiyan.；O.M.Rivas.；J.O.Matinez.；M.A.Martines-Carrillo., Jurnal of photochemistry and photobiology A,2002,140,149.

    53.環檢署檢字第206-5 號廢棄物中酚類之檢驗方法-氣相層析，86年4月29日，NIEA,R501.20C.

    54. K.Fahr.；H.G.Wetzstein.；R.Grey.；D.Schlosser.,Mircrobiology Letters,1999,175,127.

    55. K.SAI-KATO.；T.UMEMURA.；A.TAKAGI.；R.HASEGAWA.,FD.Chem.Toxic,1995.

    56. 萊溫(T.L.Lyon),朱海帆譯，土壤學,教育部,1959.

    57. 張仲民，普通土壤學，國立編譯館，1988.

    58. P.Y.Liu；M.H.Zheng.；X.B.Xu.,chemosphere,2002,46,1191.

    59 B.J.Danzo.；H.W.Shappell.；A.Banerjee.；D.L.Hachey.,Reproductive Toxicology,2002,16,29.

    60. K.M.Koram.；M.T.Suidan.；A.P.Khopapoust.；G.A.Sorial.；R.C.Brznner.,Water Research ,2001,35.2363.

    61. L.Polese.；M.L.Ribeiro.,Talant,1998,46,915.

    62. J.Patsias.；E.Papadopulou-Mourkidou.,Journal of chromatography A,2000,904,174.

    63. M.N.Sarrion.；F.J.Santos.；M.T.Galceran, Journal of chromatography A,2002,947,155

    64. V.B.Louise.；R.S.Deschene.,Microbiology Letters,2000,184,261.

    65. N.P.Cassells.；C.S.Lane,；M.Depala.；M.Saeed.；D.H.Craston,chemosphere,2000,40,609.

    66.S.Z.John.；H.T.Luong.,Analytical chimica Acta,1996,327,235.

    67. P.kuban.；M.Berg.；C.Carcia.；K.Bo., Journal of chromatography A,2001,912,163.

    68. M.Castillo.；D.Puig.；D.Barcel., Journal of chromatography A,1997,778,301.

    69. D.Jauregui.；Z.Moyano.；M.T.Galcern., Journal of chromatography A,1998,823,241.

    70. M.R.Lee.；Y.C.Yeh.；W.S.Hsiang.；B.H.Hwang., Journal of chromatography A,1998,806,317.

    71. A.Hilmi.；H.T.John.；A.L.N.Lung., Journal of chromatography A,1997,761,259.

    72. M.A.Crespin.；S.Cardenas.；M.Gallego.；M.Valcarcel., Journal of chromatography A,1999,830,165.

    73.C.L.Gabelish.；P.Crisp.；R.P.Schneider., chromatography A,1996,749,165.

    74. A.P.Khodadoust.；M.T.Suidan.；C.M.Acheson.；R.C.Brenner.,Chemosphere,1999,38,2681.

    75. R.Becker.；H.G.Buge.；T.Win., Chemosphere,2002,47,1001.

    76. N.Pal.；G.P.Korfiatis.；V.Patel.,Journal of Hazardous Materials ,1997,53,165.

    下載圖示 校內：立即公開
    校外：2002-08-02公開
    QR CODE