氣相成長碳纖維(vapor grown carbon fiber，VGCF)在十九世紀末便被發現，但有目的地合成奈米碳纖維，則是在20世紀90年代奈米碳管 (carbon nanotube，CNT)的出現後，再度引起各界對於VGCF的興趣。因為VGCF的製程方式與CNT非常相似，只需適當地改變一些製程參數即可分別合成出VGCF與CNT。近代由於奈米科技的來臨，因此有了氣相成長奈米碳纖維 (vapor grown carbon nanofiber，VGCNF or VGNF)這新稱號。奈米碳纖維不僅具有氣相生長碳纖維所具有的特性，而且在結構、性能和應用等方面又與奈米碳管相似。
本研究以催化化學氣相沉積法(catalytic chemical vapor deposition，CCVD)合成奈米碳纖維，以甲烷為碳源氣體、氫氣為乘載氣體、二茂鐵為催化劑。實驗主要將重點放在藉由調控不同的參數以達到合成特定直徑的目的，且我們在原物料中添加了含氧原子的碳源異丙醇，在成長奈米碳纖維的過程中通入，提供氧的來源對碳纖維做氧化改質，以達到我們原位(in-situ)表面改質的目的。本研究以以掃描式電子顯微鏡(scanning electron microscopy, SEM)觀察奈米碳材產物的形貌，熱重分析儀(TGA)分析奈米碳材產物的高溫抗氧化能力，拉曼光譜儀分析奈米碳纖維的結晶度以及結構，X 光電子能譜儀(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS)和傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR)鑑定碳纖維的表面化學組成。我們從SEM可以觀察到需要一適當的碳氫比例以及足夠催化劑的承載量，才能達到最佳的製程條件，成長出高純度的奈米碳纖維，並隨著我們控制不同的氣體流速可以得到特定直徑的碳纖維。因為採用水平式流動催化法此半連續製程，故隨著奈米碳纖維合成的時間上升，產量也隨之上升，而XPS分析更發現隨著奈米碳纖維合成的時間上升，所嫁接的氧官能基比例也跟著提高，達到我們in-situ改質的目的。

Vapor grown carbon fibers were found about one hundred year ago. However, recent interest in carbon nanotubes (CNT) has generated renewed interests in VGCF due to the similarities in the growth processes. By simply reducing the growth time, the diameter of carbon fiber can be reduced to form vapor grown carbon nanofibers. The diameter of VGCNF is between that of VGCF and CNT. This gives VGCNF comparable characteristics to VGCF or CNT. A chemical vapor deposition method has been used to produce vapor grown carbon nanofibers having controllable diameters. An iron-containing compound (ferrocene) and mixtures of H2/CH4 were used as the catalyst and feedstock, respectively. In-situ surface modification of VGCNFs was performed using a carbon source containing oxygen (2-propanol), which was mixed into the feedstock. The resulting VGCNFs were examined using scanning electron microscopy for the morphology and diameter, Raman spectroscopy for the crystallinity and micro-structure and thermogravimetry analyzer for thermal stability. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the surface chemistry of VGCNFs. In order to achieve the optimal process conditions, which can get high purity VGCNFs, requires a suitable CH4/H2 ratio and sufficient catalyst. By using a semi-continuous process, the yield of VGCNF increases as synthesis time increases. We can observe the ratio of carboxyl groups increases as synthesis time increases by using XPS.

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