近年來，全球半導體產業受地緣政治衝突、自然災害與疫情等因素影響，供應鏈中斷風險顯著提升。由於半導體關鍵耗材具備高度製程相依性與冗長的供應商驗證流程，製造商在採購決策上面臨高轉換成本與供應不確定性並存的挑戰，使得傳統僅以成本為導向的採購策略難以因應實務需求。在此背景下，如何透過雙重採購策略，在成本效率與供應韌性之間取得平衡，成為半導體供應鏈管理的重要研究議題。

本研究以半導體關鍵耗材供應鏈為研究對象，探討在存在供應中斷風險、供應商可靠度差異與轉換成本的情境下，製造商如何進行雙重採購決策，以及供應商在價格競爭下可能形成的策略互動關係。研究中建構一個兩階段價格競爭模型，假設供應商先行設定批發價格，製造商再依據價格、供應中斷機率與採購比例偏離基準所產生之凸性轉換成本，決定主供應商與次供應商之採購比例。模型將供應中斷風險明確參數化，並以二次轉換成本函數刻畫半導體產業中供應商切換所伴隨之非線性調整成本，以貼近高技術依賴產業之實務特性。

透過模型架構與情境設定，本研究將分析轉換成本水準、供應商可靠度差異與供應中斷風險，對製造商採購比例配置與供應商價格策略之影響，並探討雙重採購策略在不同風險與成本結構下，於提升供應鏈韌性與維持成本效率之間所扮演的角色。研究結果預期可補充既有雙重採購文獻在高轉換成本與價格競爭情境下之分析不足，並為半導體製造商在關鍵耗材採購與供應風險管理上，提供具理論基礎之決策參考。

The global semiconductor industry has become increasingly exposed to supply chain disruptions caused by geopolitical conflicts, natural disasters, pandemics, cybersecurity incidents, and other external uncertainties. For semiconductor manufacturers, critical consumables are characterized by high process dependency, lengthy supplier qualification procedures, and substantial switching costs. Consequently, sourcing decisions must consider not only procurement costs but also supply reliability and supply chain resilience.
This study investigates sourcing decisions for critical semiconductor consumables under supply disruption risk, supplier reliability differences, and switching costs. A two-stage game-theoretic model is developed to compare single-sourcing and dual-sourcing strategies. Suppliers first determine their wholesale prices, after which the manufacturer determines the optimal procurement allocation based on supplier prices, disruption probabilities, and switching costs. A convex quadratic switching-cost function is incorporated to represent the nonlinear costs associated with supplier qualification, process validation, and adjustments in procurement allocation. The equilibrium solutions are derived through backward induction, followed by numerical and sensitivity analyses.
The results indicate that disruption risk, product selling price, switching costs, and emergency procurement price significantly affect sourcing decisions and equilibrium outcomes. Dual sourcing becomes particularly valuable under higher disruption risk, while high switching costs reduce the manufacturer's flexibility in reallocating procurement quantities. Overall, the findings demonstrate that an appropriately designed dual-sourcing strategy can help semiconductor manufacturers balance cost efficiency and supply chain resilience.

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