為因應加入世界貿易組織(WTO)為國內農業帶來的衝擊，我國政府開發屏東農業生物科技園區，以提高農產業競爭力及發展農業生物科技產業，園區透過簡便行政、產學媒合及研發補助，支持園區廠商投資營運。
然而，過往農科園區相關研究，著重討論園區形成農業生物科技產業群聚之成效，並發現群聚條件及效果皆不足。但農業生物科技產業有三點發展特質：第一，農業生物科技產業及農科園區受到國家農業政策指導及影響；第二，農業生物科技產業及其廠商身處的產業環境，具有個體殊異性、場地特異性及生物不可控制性等農業特徵；第三，生物科技產業較製造業或其他高科技產業，具有產業鏈較短、技術封閉空間分散的特性。故單以產業群聚觀點，無法完全解釋及論斷農科園區之綜效。
世界糧農組織(FAO)對於農業產業園區的政策建言，因為農產業行動者分散於城鄉之間，規模相對較小；是故，根植於工業的產業園區發展模式，應用於農業時，存在制度適應的挑戰。FAO及相關研究即指出，農業產業園區的長期營運，仰賴適當的制度設計，以及建立健全的管理措施，以協調並促進不同權益關係人參與合作網絡，或鼓勵企業發展創新經營策略。
有鑑於此，本研究參考農業創新系統(Agricultural Innovation System, AIS)理論，AIS重視行動者之間的互動，以及行動者與制度環境的互動，並將農業創新嵌入於市場、技術、社會和政治環境中來理解。僅憑AIS理論，尚無法完全回應農業生物科技創新在空間上呈現不均及異質的特質，故本研究納入具有空間性的創新功能分析，提升AIS理論的分析完整性。
本研究將農科園區及其廠商視為一個農業創新系統架構，考量農業生物科技創新特徵，擇取天然物加值、水產養殖及加值，以及生物性農業資材廠商，作為分析範疇。為梳理及探究農科園區及其廠商從事創新活動，面臨的農業技術、經濟和制度制約及調適過程，本研究採用半結構式訪談及文件分析之研究方法組合，由受訪者們的經驗與認知，佐以制度文件比對，帶領本研究一窺農科園區創新過程的複雜性。
本研究發現，農業生物科技園區為園區廠商之技術創新建立利基，不論是相應農業生物科技產業的基礎設施，或是熟稔農業政策及法規，都對於農業生物科技廠商從事創新，創造了有利環境。第二，農業生物科技創新知識，是憑藉著行動者之間的關係網絡，發生傳播與轉化，呼應重視權益關係人合作之國際經驗，也指出農科園區及產學協會應強化並擴大農業生物科技產業之關係網絡。第三，農業生物科技園區對園區廠商農業生物科技創新傳播幫助有限，農業創新技術因為場地殊異性及法規高度管制，無法有效擴散，指出農科園區未來應加強輔導農業創新的空間適應，以及跨機關部門的政策協調能力。綜整來說，本研究指出了從農業創新系統的觀點而言，農科園區的設置之於我國農業生物科技產業，確實存在必要性及積極影響力，也存在有待加強之處。

In response to the impact of joining WTO, the government developed the Pingtung Agricultural Biotechnology Park (PABP) to enhance agricultural industry competitiveness and promote the development of the agricultural biotechnology industry. However, previous studies on the PABP have mainly focused on the effectiveness of forming agricultural biotechnology industry clusters within the parks. Nevertheless, the agricultural biotechnology industry possesses unique developmental characteristics and solely examining it from an industrial clustering perspective cannot fully explain or evaluate the effectiveness of the PABP. Meanwhile, FAO has also pointed out that applying the industrial park development model rooted in the manufacturing sector to agriculture presents institutional adaptation challenges.
Given this background, this study incorporates the Agricultural Innovation System (AIS) theory and includes spatial innovation functions analysis to enhance the integrity of the AIS theory. Viewing the PABP and its enterprises as a framework for an AIS, this study utilizes a combination of semi-structured interviews and document analysis as research methods. This study investigates the innovation activities of the PABP and its enterprises, as well as the constraints they face and the adaptation processes involved.
This study found that PABP establishes a niche for technological innovation among enterprises. The knowledge in agricultural biotechnology occurs through the diffusion within the network of relationships among actors, and suggests that PABP should strengthen and expand the network of relationships within the agricultural biotechnology industry. However, the assistance provided by PABP in the diffusion of agricultural biotechnology innovation among enterprises is limited. Therefore, it is recommended to enhance spatial adaptation for agricultural innovation and improve policy coordination capabilities across different government agencies in the future. In summary, from the perspective of the AIS, this study indicates that the establishment of PABP is indeed necessary and has a positive impact on the agricultural biotechnology industry in Taiwan, but some aspects need to be strengthened.

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