目的：過去研究指出六歲早期發展正常之極低出生體重早產兒於執行功能（Executive Function, EF）較足月兒童差，然至八歲與十歲時各項EF指標與足月兒童則未有差異；過去研究將EF分為認知與情緒兩層面討論，發現六歲早期發展正常之極低出生體重早產兒於情緒EF同樣與認知EF較足月兒童差，進一步分析認知與情緒EF之相關性，發現早產組中兩者的一致性較低，然過去較少探討入學後此類群體之情緒EF表現，本研究欲分析學齡期早期發展正常之極低出生體重早產兒於認知與情緒EF之表現，並針對此群學齡期早產兒，比較懷孕週數未滿及已滿28週者其認知與情緒EF。另進行長期追蹤，以探討學齡前與學齡期認知與情緒EF之發展。

方法：早產組來自中華民國早產兒基金會轉介之台南區極低出生體重早產兒，排除視障、聽障、腦性麻痺，以及一歲與兩歲評估之貝萊氏嬰幼兒發展測驗第二版分數和五歲時魏氏幼兒智力量表全量表智商任一低於70之兒童，於六歲轉介後在八歲完成認知及情緒EF衡鑑者，共63名早產兒納入分析；足月組為74名於性別、年齡、社經地位，以及家庭教養環境和早產組相配對之足月發展正常兒童。63名早產兒中懷孕週數未滿28週者共19人，已滿28週者共44人。63名早產兒中於六歲轉介後，在六歲與八歲兩年齡段皆有完成認知與情緒EF測驗者，共24名納入長期追蹤分析。以Knox方塊仿效測驗、魏氏兒童智力量表第四版中文版之記憶廣度分測驗、倫敦塔、威斯康辛卡片分類測驗，以及廣泛性非語文注意力測驗，作為測量認知EF之工具，評估各組工作記憶、計畫能力、認知彈性，以及抑制能力；以自編台灣兒童版情緒EF之生態衡鑑，作為測量情緒EF之工具，評估各組心智理論、情緒調節，以及延宕滿足。

結果：（1）八歲早產組與同齡足月組兒童在認知EF各指標、情緒EF之心智理論、延宕滿足指標無呈現顯著差異，唯在情緒調節的四項情緒指標中，兩組則在害怕情緒有顯著差異；（2）八歲早產組與同齡足月組兒童於各項情緒EF指標(心智理論、情緒調節、延宕滿足) 中，均有多項與認知EF指標(工作記憶、計畫能力、認知彈性、抑制能力)達顯著相關；（3）八歲懷孕週數未滿28週與已滿28週早產兒在認知EF與情緒EF之各指標無呈現顯著差異；（4）24名於六歲與八歲皆有參與評估之八歲早產組，於認知EF中，各項指標在八歲時顯著高於六歲表現；於情緒EF中，心智理論、延宕滿足表現亦在八歲時顯著高於六歲表現。

結論：早期發展正常之極低出生體重早產兒至學齡期時，其於認知與情緒EF之各指標表現和同齡足月組未呈現顯著差異，而兩EF之相關指標與過去學齡前之研究相比，兩組於學齡期之兩EF與其相關漸趨相同。六歲至八歲早產兒於心智理論與延宕滿足表現則可能會隨年齡發展而進步，然考慮到樣本代表性，未來須進一步確認早產兒於較大樣本數之情緒EF表現，以建立更完整的發展模式。

The aim of this study was to investigate cognitive and emotional profile in VLBW children with normal early development at school-age, and the development from preschool to school-age. Participants were 63 eight-year-old VLBW children with normal early development and 74 Full-term children with comparable gender, home environment , and social economic status. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (WISC-IV), Tower of London (ToL), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Knox’s Cube Test (KCT) , Comprehensive Non-verbal Attention Test Battery (CNAT), and Emotional EF Ecological Assessment Battery for Children in Taiwan were administered in order to evaluate cognitive and emotional EF in the two groups. The results showed that average cognitive and emotional EFs of VLBW group was comparable with the Full-term group, further analysis showed that these two groups of children have similar pattern in the two EF domains’ relationships; the two EF domains both showed stronger correlations in the two groups. In addition, 24 VLBW children were traced all at the age of 6 and 8, found the average two EFs significantly progressed with age. In conclusion, this study revealed that the two EFs of VLBW children with normal early development was not identified to that of the Full-term group at age 8.

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