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研究生： 苑采旭
Yuan, Tsai-hsu
論文名稱： 考量資訊更新下二次訂購決策與協商機制制定之研究
A Coordination Mechanism for a Two-instants Ordering Decision under Information Updating
指導教授： 謝中奇
Hsieh, Chung-Chi
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 管理學院 - 工業與資訊管理學系
Department of Industrial and Information Management
論文出版年： 2008
畢業學年度： 96
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 84
中文關鍵詞： 供應鏈 、二次訂購 、資訊更新 、協商機制
外文關鍵詞： coordination mechanism, information update, two-instants order, supply chain
相關次數： 點閱：66  下載：10 
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    • 近年來由於市場上販售的商品日新月異，且消費者的需求也瞬息萬變，面對單週期或短生命週期的產品已成為製造商與零售商不可避免的趨勢。基於市場需求之不確定性，製造商提供二次訂購使零售商能根據兩次訂購期間所觀察到的市場需求資訊，於第二次訂購的時間點修正第一次的訂購量以逼近真實的市場需求；但同時因為第二次訂購所修正之訂購量，亦會造成製造商因急單而使生產成本提高或因抽單而產生庫存成本。因此在使各自利益最大化之前提下，制定下游之最佳訂購決策與上游之最佳生產決策。

    對於下游零售商而言，因為第二次訂購量之批發價高於第一次之批發價，故零售商傾向於第一次訂購時間點以較低的價格訂購較大的數量，並在觀察到市場需求資訊之後向下修正訂購量，且為避免於銷售季節結束後未售出之產品所引發的庫存成本，寧可面對缺貨之現象。因此對於上游製造商而言，為使零售商向下修正訂購量所造成之成本能忠實的反應而非轉嫁至兩次的批發價上，以使該項成本能合理的由供應鏈上下游成員共同負擔，並且誘使零售商之最終訂購量能以滿足整體供應鏈利益最大化為前提的最佳訂購量，而提出抽單機制此協商合約。驗證該抽單機制之協商合約具有Pareto Improvement，能同時提昇供應鏈中上下游成員之各自利益，更進而達成整體供應鏈之利益最大化。

    We consider a supply chain in which a retailer has two instants to order a single-period product from a manufacturer prior to a single selling season. As market demand is uncertain and the unit ordering cost at the second instant is higher than that at the first instant, the retailer has to make the initial ordering decision with limited demand information. With more accurate demand information available at the second instant, the retailer is allowed to modify the initial ordering decision by utilizing the market signals observed. However, the modification at the second instant made by the retailer may reduce the ordering quantity and hence increase the manufacturer's cost of overstocking product. In this thesis, the return mechanism and the risk sharing contract are proposed to coordinate the supply chain in order to achieve a higher supply chain profit, and to enhance each member's profit in the supply chain.

    摘要 i Abstract ii 致謝 iii 表目錄 vii 圖目錄 viii 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機......................................2 1.2 研究目的............................................3 1.3 研究架構............................................4 1.4 研究流程............................................4 第二章 文獻探討 7 2.1 快速回應與二次訂購..................................8 2.1.1 報童模式........................................8 2.1.2 快速回應.......................................10 2.1.3 二次訂購.......................................11 2.2 資訊更新...........................................13 2.3 協商機制...........................................15 2.4 小結...............................................17 第三章 模式建構與發展 19 3.1 模式假設與符號定義.................................19 3.1.1 模式假設.......................................20 3.1.2 符號定義.......................................22 3.1.3 資訊更新與市場需求之隨機模式...................24 3.2 集中式系統.........................................27 3.2.1 建構利益函式...................................28 3.2.2 第二階段求解...................................33 3.2.3 第一階段求解...................................34 3.3 分散式系統.........................................35 3.3.1 分散式系統之下游零售商.........................36 3.3.2 分散式系統之上游供應商.........................43 3.4 協商合約...........................................48 3.4.1 加入協商合約之下游零售商.......................49 3.4.2 加入協商合約之上游供應商.......................55 3.4.3 協商合約之制訂.................................58 3.5 小結...............................................59 第四章 數值分析與參數敏感度分析 61 4.1 數值分析...........................................62 4.1.1 參數設定.......................................62 4.1.2 Pareto Improvement.............................64 4.1.3 獲利來源之數值分析.............................68 4.2 資訊更新之品質分析.................................69 4.3 參數敏感度分析.....................................71 4.3.1 批發價之參數敏感度分析.........................71 4.3.2 存貨成本之參數敏感度分析.......................75 4.3.3 缺貨成本之參數敏感度分析.......................76 4.4 小結...............................................77 第五章 結論與未來研究方向 79 5.1 結論...............................................79 5.2 未來研究方向.......................................80 參考文獻.................................................82

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