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研究生: 黃睦翔
Huang, Mu-Siang
論文名稱: 水砂量影響三維Gilbert三角洲之形貌演變:大尺度物理實驗
Morphological Evolution of 3D Gilbert-type Delta in response to Flow and Sediment: Large-scale Physical Experiments
指導教授: 賴悅仁
Lai, Yueh-Jen
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 水利及海洋工程學系
Department of Hydraulic & Ocean Engineering
論文出版年: 2021
畢業學年度: 109
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 176
中文關鍵詞: 三維三角洲水砂量大尺度物理實驗
外文關鍵詞: 3D-delta, flow and sediment, experiments
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  • 以往的三角洲實驗較少討論泥砂量對於三維三角洲形貌演化的影響,大部分三維三角洲實驗皆集中於三角洲topset的形貌變化;Ke & Capart (2015)有研究出相應的數值模型並且Ke (2016)進行一系列水下三角洲實驗並結合數值模型進行對比。並且本研究中有觀察到類似Vlaswinkel (2011)實驗之潮汐河道(tidal channel)形貌,這樣的樹枝狀河道在三維三角洲中水面線前出現並與其非常相似,但它並非由潮汐震盪的影響而生成,而是藉由上游端含砂水流的輸入實驗區域在水面線前形成,因此本研究除了討論水砂量影響三維三角洲水上及水下之體積變化量及水上三角洲之高程與坡度變化,並討論水砂量的不同對水陸交界處前河道的影響。
    研究結果顯示,在以水流量為固定值、砂流量為變數時,水上三角洲之體積變化量會隨著水砂比的增加而減少,而水流量的增加卻會影響水下三角洲之體積變化量,再者隨著水砂比的增加水上三角洲平均坡度反而下降,而不同水砂量會有不同之縱斷面平均高程曲線,高程曲線只會隨時間向上平移並且曲線在每個時段皆相似,達到類似穩定堆積的動態平衡。而樹枝狀河道在會因為上游沖積扇堆積而將其擠壓至左右兩側,樹枝狀河道在依然會在左右向內陸延伸,但是它跟水砂量的影響是間接的,樹枝狀河道在的發展會受到沖積扇所控制。

    The delta experiments seldom discuss the influence of the amount of water and sand on the evolution of the three-dimensional delta morphology. Most of the experiments focus on the topset delta morphology changes. In this study, a similar morphology to the tidal channel in the experiment of Vlaswinkel (2011) was observed. Such a dendritic channel appeared in front of the water surface line in the three-dimensional delta, but it was not generated by the influence of tidal turbulence. Therefore, we discuss the influence of the water-sand ratio on the volume change of the topset and forset of the three-dimensional delta, the change of the elevation and slope of the topset, and the influence on the dendritic channel.
    The research results show that the volume change of the topset delta will decrease with the increase of the water-sand ratio, and only the change of the water flow will affect the volume change of the forset delta. Then with the increase of the water-sand ratio, the average slope of the water delta decreases, and different water-sand ratios will have different vertical profile average elevation curves. Finally, the dendritic channels will squeeze them to the left and right due to the accumulation of upstream alluvial fans, and their development and extension will be controlled by the upstream alluvial fans.

    摘要 I 致謝 XI 目錄 XII 表目錄 XV 圖目錄 XVI 第一章 緒論 1 1-1 研究背景與動機 1 1-2 文獻回顧 6 1-2-1 三維三角洲自生循環之文獻回顧 6 1-2-2 三維三角洲實驗受水面線影響之文獻回顧 8 1-2-3 數學模型以及其它文獻回顧 11 1-3 研究問題 12 第二章 實驗配置 13 2-1 實驗水槽 13 2-1-1 配置與儀器 13 2-1-2 供水供砂系統 14 2-1-3 蓄水與排水系統 18 2-1-4測量及紀錄系統 21 2-2 實驗砂材 23 2-3 實驗組數及參數 25 2-4 實驗流程 27 2-5 實驗問題與方法解決 28 2-5-1 從樹脂砂到河砂 28 2-5-2 底床脫落 31 2-5-3 退水時間 32 第三章 數位影像處理 33 3-1 影像分析 33 3-1-1 影像校正 33 3-1-2 影像轉照片 37 3-1-3 影像處理 37 3-2 數值高程模型建製 41 3-2-1 由二維平面雷射線轉換成三維空間點位 41 3-2-2 地形內插 41 3-2-3 光源陰影圖以及正攝影像 42 3-3 分析問題與解決辦法 44 3-3-1 台車速度不穩對數值高程模型的影響 44 3-3-2 雷射掃描路徑與內槽坡度不平行之測量誤差 48 第四章 實驗結果與討論 49 4-1 地形呈現 49 4-1-1 數值高程模型 49 4-1-2 光源陰影圖(hillshade map) 56 4-1-3正攝影像圖(orthphoto) 65 4-2 地形分析 76 4-2-1水上三角洲之高程差異圖 76 4-2-2水下三角洲之高程差異圖 83 4-3 體積變化量 90 4-3-1 校正高程差異圖 90 4-3-2 水下三角洲之體積變化量分析 93 4-3-3 水上與水下三角洲體積變化量比較 111 4-4 水上三角洲自動化分析 115 4-4-1分析方法 115 4-4-2 結果展示 118 4-5 水上三角洲縱剖面分析 128 4-5-1 縱剖面高程分析 129 4-5-2 縱向坡度分析 135 4-6 定性分析 137 4-6-1 水下葉狀堆積展示 139 4-6-2 濱線樹狀河道展示 143 4-6-3 上色展示 150 4-7問題與討論 157 4-7-1 不同水砂比對體積變化量之影響 157 4-7-2 水砂比對水上三角洲之高程與坡度之影響 159 4-7-3濱線樹狀河道分析 161 第五章 結論與建議 172 參考文獻 174

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