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研究生： 程仁毅
Cheng, Jen-I
論文名稱： 304L不鏽鋼之惰性氣體鎢棒電弧銲及遮蔽金屬電弧銲銲接件在動態剪切負荷下的塑變行為與破壞特性分析
The Plastic Deformation and Fracture Behavior of 304L Stainless Steel GTAW and SMAW Joint under Dynamic Shear Loading
指導教授： 李偉賢
Lee, Woei-Shyan
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 機械工程學系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年： 2002
畢業學年度： 90
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 137
中文關鍵詞： 動態剪切 、霍普金森扭轉試驗機 、304L不鏽鋼 、破壞特性 、惰性氣體鎢棒電弧銲 、絕熱剪切 、遮蔽金屬電弧銲 、韌窩 、夾雜物
外文關鍵詞： Hopkinson torsinal bar, dynamic shear, fracture behavior, 304L stainless steel, GTAW, SMAW, shear band, dimple, inclusion
相關次數： 點閱：134  下載：1 
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    • 本文主要是利用一維彈性扭轉波傳理論為基礎的霍普金森扭轉試驗機(Split Hopkinson Torsional Bar)，來探討304L不銹鋼GTAW及SMAW銲件在動態剪切荷載下塑變行為。其測試條件為在室溫下，剪應變速率分別為800s-1、1200s-1、1700s-1、2200s-1及2800s-1等五組不同的扭轉荷載速度，以研究其在動態扭轉荷載下的塑變行為與破壞特性分析，並探討兩者之相關性，同時引用一構成方程式來描述304L之GTAW與SMAW銲件在高速剪切荷載下的塑變行為，以作為工程設計與動態分析時的參考依據。
    在巨觀分析中，由實驗結果可得知應變速率對304L不銹鋼GTAW及SMAW銲件之機械性質影響顯著，其塑流應力值均會隨著應變速率的提升而增加。此外，應變速率的提升亦導致材料之加工硬化率、應變速率敏感性及昇溫量的上升，但熱活化體積卻會隨著應變速率提升而下降。且GTAW銲件之塑流應力值、加工硬化率、應變速率敏感性及理論昇溫量均大於SMAW銲件。
    在微觀分析中，發現GTAW及SMAW銲件的破壞完全發生於銲道區域中。以SEM做破壞表面之形貌分析，發現GTAW及SMAW銲件的破壞模式均屬於以韌窩為主的延性破壞。本研究將其破壞形貌區分為密集韌窩區與平滑區兩特徵區域討論之。發現隨應變速率之提升，此兩特徵區域形貌有其趨勢性的差異。此外，發現GTAW及SMAW銲件中之銲接夾雜物含量相差甚多，因此在剪切荷載下對其破壞之形貌與應變量造成不同程度之影響。而在OM顯微組織觀察中，證實兩銲件的破壞均起始銲道區域中，且其斷口處因局部大量的剪切塑性變形，其中的δ肥粒鐵明顯地被扭曲變形成一塑性流動的帶狀區域，證實有剪切帶之存在。而微空孔的生成與成長在此延性材料中，對剪切帶的破壞有關鍵性之影響。且夾雜物之存在更加劇了微空孔對剪切破壞的生成。
    最後，藉由Kobayashi & Dodd模式之變形構成方程式，可以準確地描述304L不銹鋼GTAW及SMAW銲件的高速剪切塑變行為。

    The dynamic shear deformation behavior and fracture characteristics of 304L stainless steel GTAW and SMAW joints are studied by torsional split-Hopkinson bar at room temperature under five strain rates (800s-1, 1200s-1, 1700s-1, 2200s-1 and 2800s-1). Experimental results indicate that strain rate significantly influences the mechanical properties of 304L stainless steel GTAW and SMAW joints. Flow stress, work hardening rate, strain rate sensitivity and deformation heat increase with strain rate, but activation volume decreases. Flow stress, work hardening rate, strain rate sensitivity and deformation heat for GTAW joints are larger than for SMAW joints. SEM fractographs show many dimples, revealing ductile fracture. We divide the fracture surface appearance into two characteristic zones, the densely dimpled and the smooth surfaced zones, and find significant differences between the two zones with increasing strain rate. Besides, comparison of GTAW and SMAW joints shows differing amounts of weld inclusions, which influences fracture appearance and fracture strain. For both joint types, fracture occurs only in the weld zone. Besides, δ ferrite sub-structures in the fusion zone are clearly twisted into band-like features from large localized shear deformation; it is a clear evidence of adiabatic shear fracture. The results indicate that microvoid nucleation and growth play a significant role in shear band formation, and that weld inclusions speed up adiabatic shear fracture formation by void nucleation and growth. The Kobayashi & Dodd constitutive equation accurately describes the high-strain-rate shear plastic behavior for 304L stainless steel GTAW and SMAW joints.

    摘要 A ABSTRACT III 誌謝 IV 總目錄 V 表目錄 VIII 圖目錄 IX 符號說明 XIV 第一章 前言 1 第二章 理論說明與文獻回顧 4 2-1 不銹鋼銲接特性簡介 4 2-1-1 沃斯田鐵系不銹鋼簡介 4 2-1-2 沃斯田鐵系不銹鋼之凝固過程 4 2-1-3 δ肥粒鐵相對銲道金屬之影響 6 2-2 肥粒相含量之量測 7 2-3 母材熱影響區與強度之關係 7 2-4 GTAW與SMAW之簡介 8 2-5 塑性變形之機械測試類別 9 2-6 一維波傳理論 11 2-7 扭轉式霍普金森試驗機原理 14 2-8 材料塑性變形行為之特性 17 2-9 材料變形構成方程式 20 第三章 實驗方法與步驟 36 3-1 實驗材料 36 3-1-1 母材 36 3-1-2 銲材 36 3-2 試件之準備 37 3-2-1銲接板材尺寸 37 3-2-2 銲接試驗 37 3-2-3實驗試件與取材位置 38 3-2-4 扭轉試件尺寸 39 3-3 實驗儀器設備 40 3-3-1 霍普金森動態扭轉試驗機 40 3-3-2 訊號處理裝置 41 3-3-3 掃瞄式電子顯微鏡（SEM） 41 3-3-5 光學顯微鏡（OM） 41 3-3-5 微硬度試驗機(Vickers micro-hardness tester) 42 3-4 實驗方法與步驟 42 3-4-1 動態扭轉試驗 42 3-4-2 微硬度試驗 43 3-4-3 δ肥粒相含量之量測 44 3-4-4金相之觀察(OM) 44 3-4-5 破斷面之觀察(SEM) 45 3-4-6 化學成分分析(EDS) 45 第四章 實驗結果與討論 55 4-1 304L銲接件之基本性質分析 55 4-1-1 母材金相組織分析 55 4-1-2 熱影響區與銲接熔融區金相組織分析 55 4-1-3 銲接件之δ肥粒鐵量測 56 4-1-4 微硬度分析 57 4-2 應力-應變曲線之討論 58 4-2-1 GTAW、SMAW銲件之比較 58 4-2-2 銲件與銲道及母材之比較 59 4-3 應變硬化效應 59 4-4 應變速率效應 62 4-5 熱活化體積 63 4-6 理論昇溫量的探討 64 4-7 材料變形構成方程式 65 4-8 微觀分析 67 4-8-1 破斷面形貌觀察(SEM) 67 4-8-2 金相組織觀察(OM) 72 第五章 結論 125 參考文獻 127

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