空氣中的微粒污染物 (含懸浮微粒與生物氣膠) 已被證明與許多感染性及非感染性呼吸道疾病有關；其中兒童因為呼吸頻率比成人高、呼吸道較狹窄、肺部和免疫系統還在發育階段，為空氣污染相關呼吸疾病的易感受族群。在兒童的呼吸道系統疾病中，急性上呼吸道感染和急性下呼吸道感染最為常見。呼吸道感染多發生於室內環境，而人們平均約有80 - 90%的時間都待在室內，特別是住家；因此，找出有效降低家戶室內懸浮微粒及生物氣膠污染程度，以期能降低呼吸道感染風險/嚴重度之環境介入措施極為重要。在家戶空氣污染控制措施中，防護紗窗為近期新興的手段，而空氣清淨機則為家戶最常採行之方法。防護紗窗已被證實可有效阻隔室外懸浮微粒進入室內，但對於生物氣膠/呼吸道病原菌與呼吸道感染之控制成效仍待評估；而空氣清淨機對於減少室內微粒污染物的成效已被確認，但對於移除微粒污染物後，對呼吸道感染的改善成效尚無文獻。建立環境介入措施之控制成效將有助於提供家戶於不同污染程度與經濟可負擔性的情境下，可選擇之室內微粒污染物改善介入措施。因此，本研究旨在探討用防護紗窗及空氣清淨機對降低室內懸浮微粒、生物氣膠和呼吸道病原菌之效果，並評估室內微粒污染物降低對兒童呼吸道感染改善之影響。
　　本研究首先進行前驅測試，評估三個品牌防護紗窗及空氣清淨機對懸浮微粒及生物氣膠之移除效果，並擇一效果最佳之防護紗窗應用於家戶環境介入測試。環境介入測試以3-18 歲因呼吸道感染就診的兒童為受試對象，以受試者在家中的主要活動空間為測試空間，評估環境介入措施對於降低室內懸浮微粒、生物氣膠/呼吸道病原菌及呼吸道感染之效能。研究分三階段，分別是無介入措施、使用防護紗窗及併用防護紗窗和空氣清淨機，三階段中以感測器連續量測室內、室外懸浮微粒和二氧化碳濃度、溫溼度及可培養性真細菌濃度，並以落塵盒收集環境灰塵分析總細菌及6 種呼吸道病原菌 (A 型流感病毒、腺病毒、鼻病毒、肺炎黴漿菌、肺炎鏈球菌及SARS-CoV-2 病毒) 濃度，藉由比較三階段之微粒污染物濃，評估介入措施對改善室內微粒污染物 (PM2.5 及生物性微粒) 之效果。亦以健康手環連續監測受試者血氧濃度，每週採集受試兒童鼻腔拭子樣本分析呼吸道病原菌濃度，搭配問卷收集之每日相關症狀發生情形，用以判斷呼吸道感染嚴重程度；除比較三個階段之呼吸道感染情形外，亦分析家戶室內懸浮微粒與生物氣膠/呼吸道病原菌污染程度與兒童呼吸道感染之相關性。研究結果顯示，安裝防護紗窗是減少室內真菌 (40%)、細菌 (35%) 和PM2.5 (25%) 污染的有效方法，而防護紗窗加空氣清淨機可減少38% 真菌污染、54% 細菌污染和48% PM2.5 污染。當室內環境有明顯細菌污染源時，使用空氣清淨機可以更有效的降低細菌污染，而防護紗窗可以減少主要來源於室外的真菌，空氣清淨機對增強真菌污染的降低有限。此外，根據呼吸道感染症狀統計結果與鼻腔病原菌檢測結果，防護紗窗加空氣清淨機的使用有減少受試兒童呼吸道症狀發生次數和鼻腔病原菌檢出的趨勢，降低兒童呼吸道感染嚴重程度，但仍需更多受試者進行驗證。
　　綜合以上結果，顯示防護紗窗對於降低室內微粒污染物有效果，與空氣清淨機併用可以更提升對污染物的移除成效，且有觀察到在介入措施使用後，兒童呼吸道感染改善的趨勢。

Airborne particulate pollutants are associated with reporting adverse respiratory effects. Children are considered particularly susceptible, and acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are most common among childhood respiratory diseases and are often linked to the indoor environment. Meanwhile, people spend about 80-90% of their time indoors, especially at home. Therefore, an effective intervention measure is critical for reducing the pollution level of PM2.5 and bioaerosol in households to control RTIs. The protective window screen is newly developed for highly efficient PM2.5 removal; however, its effectiveness in controlling bioaerosols and reducing the RTIs risk remains to be evaluated. The air purifiers are most applied in homes, their effectiveness in reducing indoor PM2.5 and bioaerosols was reported previously, while there is a lack of studies evaluating the improvement of RTIs. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of protective window screens and air purifiers in reducing the levels of PM2.5 and bioaerosols/airborne respiratory pathogens and the risk of RTIs. The study population of the intervention trial will be the children aged 3-18 years who with repeated RTIs. The intervention trial was conducted in the main children’s activity spaces and the intervention trial includes stages: no intervention, the use of the protection window screen, and the combined use of protective window screen and air purifier. During the intervention trial, collect the indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and bioaerosols concentrations, temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide concentrations, and settled dust. The respiratory pathogens and questionnaire of respiratory symptoms will be collected for health outcomes, and the wearable bracelet will be adopted to continuously monitor the blood oxygen saturation.
The results revealed protective window screens can reduce 40% of fungi, 35% of bacteria and 25% of PM2.5 pollution. The use of protective window screen with air purifier can reduce indoor fungi pollution 38%, 54% of bacteria, and 48% of PM2.5 pollution. During the two stages of using interventions, the result shows that the combination of protective window screen and air purifier appears to mitigate the severity of respiratory infections in children.

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