開花是植物重要的發育過程，關係到植物是否能成功繁衍後代。這樣的過程主要是受到MADS-box基因群所調控，LEAFY (LFY)基因即隸屬於此基因家族。開花植物FLO/LFY基因主要功能為決定頂端分生組織是否分化為花部構造，然而在蘚類植物當中，FLO/LFY基因共有兩個重複：PpLFY1、PpLFY2，其功能為決定合子細胞是否分化。顯見開花植物與蘚類植物的FLO/LFY基因在功能上有所分化，因此本研究主要探討蘚類植物PpLFY1基因在演化歷史中所受的天擇效應。研究結果顯示，藉由親緣關係樹分析，得知蘚類植物PpLFY1基因可分為三個基因型，發現在頂蒴型及側蒴型蘚類植物中擁有不同的基因型。根據前人研究，蘚類植物分化時間為402-432百萬年前，利用分子時鐘的計算，發現蘚類植物LFY基因早在608-653百萬年前就已存在，顯示PpLFY1基因早在蘚類植物分化前就已存在在植物體中。另外根據天擇測驗分析結果，蘚類植物PpLFY1基因Tajima’s D值呈現負值但不顯著；但其Ka/Ks及dn/ds值皆小於1，顯示蘚類植物PpLFY1基因受到負向天擇作用。利用PAML程式檢測各氨基酸位置所受天擇影響，顯示此基因片段在每個氨基酸位置受到不同天擇力量作用，大多數位置為中性選汰，少數位置受負向天擇作用。顯示此基因片段十分保守。

　Flowering is one of the important developmental processes of plants because it is directly related to reproductive success. MADS-box gene family in plants control various aspects of development and reproductive processes including floral formation, LEAFY (LFY) belong to the MADS-box gene. In flowering plant, LEAFY gene determines the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase, as LEAFY is both necessary and sufficient for the initiation of individual flowers. In contrast, FLO/LFY genes regulate the first cell division after the formation of zygote in mosses. This study examined the mode of natural selection and effects of other evolutionary forces that shared the evolution of the moss FLO/LFY gene, PpLFY 1. In the PpLFY 1 gene, three lineages were identified in acrocarpous and pleurocarpus mosses. Molecular dating revealed that the PpLFY 1 gene has long existed in mosses about 608-653 MYA, predating the divergence of mosses. Both Ka/Ks and dn/ds ratio are less than 1, revealing that PpLFY 1 gene is under negative selection in mosses, although the Tajima’s d values are mostly nonsignificantly negative. PAML analysis also detected different modes of natural selection along each amino acid sites.

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