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研究生：	陳宗裕 Chen, Zong-Yu
論文名稱：	燒製參數對無機廢棄物合成水泥熟料晶相之影響 Influence of processing parameters on the formation of clinker phases by using inorganic wastes
指導教授：	張祖恩 Chang, Juu-En
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 環境工程學系 Department of Environmental Engineering
論文出版年：	2008
畢業學年度：	96
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	94
中文關鍵詞：	矽酸鈣、牡蠣殼、轉爐石、稻殼灰、淨水污泥、水泥熟料
外文關鍵詞：	XRD, belite, water treatment plant sludge, basic Oxygen Furnace slag, oyster shells, rice husk ash, alite
相關次數：	點閱：106 下載：1
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水泥製造過程中以石灰石為主原料，同時加矽砂、黏土與鐵礦為副原料，經高溫燒結反應後形成水泥。將有水泥原料潛力之牡蠣殼、稻殼灰、淨水污泥與轉爐石添加為水泥生料燒製熟料，首先以純物質調配水泥進而了解化學參數石灰飽和度（LSF）、矽氧係數（SR）與熟料晶相含量之關係，後續再以純物質調配燒製參數作為無機廢棄物燒製水泥熟料之依據。
實驗結果顯示，LSF為影響熟料中矽酸鈣晶相比例之顯著參數，SR亦對矽酸鈣晶相含量有些許影響，而LSF=1.00、SR=4，燒結溫度為1400℃可燒製出富C3S之水泥熟料，其C3S晶相含量為51.49%，另外LSF=0.70、SR=4，燒結溫度為1250℃可燒製出富C2S之水泥熟料，C2S晶相含量可達63.19%。以廢棄物全取代水泥生料燒製水泥熟料，其微量成分並無阻礙矽酸鈣晶相生成之現象產生，利用牡蠣殼、稻殼灰、淨水污泥與轉爐石調質燒製水泥熟料，其生料之LSF需上修約0.10，方可符合預設參數值。在LSF=1.10、SR=4，燒結溫度為1400℃下，燒製出富C3S之水泥熟料其含量達48.81%，另外LSF=0.75、SR=4，燒結溫度為1250℃之條件燒製富C3S之水泥熟料，其C2S含量達76.48%。可知以牡蠣殼、稻殼灰、淨水污泥與轉爐石可全取代作為水泥生料。

Portland cement is made by heating a mixture of limestone, shale, clay and ironstone. The aim of this work is to study the feasibility of utilizing oyster shells, rice husk ash, water treatment plant sludge (WTPS) and Basic Oxygen Furnace slag (BOF slag) as cement raw materials. To understand the influence of lime saturation factor (LSF) and silica ratio (SR) on the formation of Ca3SiO5 (C3S) and Ca2SiO4 (C2S) phases, the cement raw materials are mixed with pure oxide first of all. The quantification of C3S, C2S and CaO phases is then determined by X-ray diffraction and the reference intensity ratio (RIR) method.
The results of experiment show that, LSF has significant effect on the C3S/C2S ratio; SR also has slight effect on the quantity of C3S and C2S formation. The best parameters of raw meal to produce alite-rich cement are as follows: when LSF, SR and sintering temperature are controlled respectively at 1.00, 4 and 1400 ºC, and the quantity of C3S phase is about 51.49%. Moreover, when the LSF is set at 0.70, SR is equal to 4 and sintering temperature is controlled at 1250 ºC, the amount of C2S phase produced is 63.19%.
Using wastes as cement raw materials has no significant effect on the formation of C3S and C2S phases. The LSF has to add 0.1 in order to fit the predetermined parameters. Alite-rich cement which is produced by wastes contains 48.81% of C3S phase, and the amount of C2S phase in Belite-rich cement produced by wastes reaches 76.48%. According to the experimental results, the utilization of oyster shells, rice husk ash, WTPS and BOF slag as cement raw materials to produce Alite-rich cement and Belite-cement is feasible.

中文摘要............................................................................................................I
英文摘要.......................................................................................................... II
誌謝................................................................................................................. III
目錄.................................................................................................................. V
表目錄.......................................................................................................... VIII
圖目錄.............................................................................................................IX
第一章 前言..................................................................................................... 1
1-1 研究動機與目的........................................................................................ 1
1-2 研究內容.................................................................................................... 1
第二章 文獻回顧............................................................................................. 3
2-1 牡蠣殼、稻殼灰、淨水污泥與轉爐石之特性、處置與現況............... 3
2-1-1 來源與產出............................................................................................ 3
2-1-2 物理與化學特性.................................................................................... 4
2-1-3 處理與再利用現況................................................................................ 6
2-2 牡蠣殼、稻殼灰、淨水污泥與轉爐石於水泥資材化之應用............. 10
2-2-1 作為水泥攙和料.................................................................................. 10
2-2-2 添加為水泥生料.................................................................................. 12
2-3 水泥製程及種類...................................................................................... 14
2-3-1 水泥原料調配...................................................................................... 14
2-3-2 熟料燒製程序...................................................................................... 17
2-4 生料組成與燒製條件對熟料特性之影響............................................. 24
2-4-1 水泥化學參數...................................................................................... 24
2-4-2 燒結條件.............................................................................................. 27
2-4-3 微量成分.............................................................................................. 29
第三章 研究材料、設備與方法................................................................... 32
3-1 研究架構與實驗流程............................................................................. 32
3-2 研究材料與設備...................................................................................... 34
3-2-1 廢棄物採樣及前處理.......................................................................... 34
3-2-2 實驗藥品與儀器設備.......................................................................... 34
3-3 研究與分析方法...................................................................................... 36
3-3-1 生料配比設計與燒製程序.................................................................. 36
3-3-2 分析方法............................................................................................... 40
（1）三成分分析........................................................................................... 40
（2）化學組成分析....................................................................................... 40
（3）X 光繞射分析....................................................................................... 42
（4）游離石灰含量分析............................................................................... 44
（5）熟料晶相選擇性萃取........................................................................... 45
3-3-3 評估指標.............................................................................................. 45
（1）熟料晶相含量....................................................................................... 45
（2）根據熟料氧化鈣晶相含量判斷熟料是否燒成................................... 48
（3）氧化鈣合成晶相比例........................................................................... 48
第四章 結果與討論....................................................................................... 49
4-1 牡蠣殼灰、稻殼灰、淨水污泥及轉爐石之基本特性......................... 49
4-1-1 物化特性.............................................................................................. 49
4-1-2 晶相組成............................................................................................... 50
4-1-3 小結....................................................................................................... 55
4-2 燒製參數對純物質合成水泥熟料晶相之影響..................................... 56
4-2-1 熟料氧化鈣晶相含量.......................................................................... 56
4-2-2 矽酸鈣晶相含量.................................................................................. 64
4-2-3 氧化鈣合成晶相分布.......................................................................... 68
4-2-4 小結...................................................................................................... 71
4-3 以牡蠣殼灰、稻殼灰、淨水污泥及轉爐石燒製水泥熟料之晶相..... 72
4-3-1 富矽酸三鈣水泥熟料之燒製............................................................... 72
4-3-2 富矽酸二鈣水泥熟料之燒製............................................................... 77
4-3-3 水泥熟料晶相之化學分析................................................................... 82
4-3-4 小結....................................................................................................... 85
第五章 結論與建議....................................................................................... 86
5-1 結論.......................................................................................................... 86
5-2 建議.......................................................................................................... 87
參考文獻......................................................................................................... 88
                                    

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