週期性極化反轉鈮酸鋰(Periodically poled Lithium niobate,PPLN)已經廣泛的被應用在非線性頻率轉換，準相位匹配和光參振盪器等…領域之中，製作極化反轉的方式從早期的高溫鋰外擴散法，鈦內擴散法到近年來被廣泛應用的高壓極化法，由於鋰外擴散法和鈦內擴散法皆必需在高溫的情況下製作(約1000oC)，且兩者製作出來的反轉深度皆遠不及高電壓極化法，因此本論文的製作方法也是以高電壓極化法為主；由於鈮酸鋰的矯頑電壓高達20(kV/mm)，故無法在大氣下直接進行，我們試過三種方法來解決這個問題，分別為絕緣油，高真空以及液態電極，其中又以液態電極的絕緣效果最好，我們最大電壓升至30(kV/mm)，也未發生介電崩潰的現象。
我們成功的使用高電壓極化法配合液態電極的絕緣方式，製作出週期60μm、15.5μm和6.7μm的極化反轉光柵，我們使用兩種驗證方式分別為氫氟酸蝕刻法以及光學繞射法。由於氫氟酸對鈮酸鋰+Z面的蝕刻速率遠大於-Z面的蝕刻速率，-Y面的蝕刻速率遠大於+Y面的蝕刻速率，因此晶體放置在氫氟酸中一段時間之後(約5~10分鐘)，就可以在光學顯微鏡下觀測出極化的區域與未極化的區域，光學繞射法為將氫氟酸蝕刻過後的週期性反轉鈮酸鋰放置於載台上，使用可見光雷射來量測其繞射情形，可以由光點的分佈推算出其光柵週期，進一步驗證其光柵週期是否正確。在二次諧波產生方面，成功的使用週期6.7μm的PPLN量測出紅外光1064nm倍頻產生出綠光雷射。

We successfully use the high voltage poling with liquid electrode insulation method to fabricate a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN). The inverted domain gratings with periods of 60, 15.5, and 6.7μm so designed have. We have successfully used the hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching and optical diffraction techniques to verify the periodicity of inverted domains. The HF etching can be used to reveal the inverted domains microscopically because the etch rates in the +Z and –Y faces are substantially faster than those in the –Z and +Y faces, respectively. On the other hand, optical diffraction offers another alternative method to verify the existence of poled domains by evaluating the corresponding diffraction patterns. For the second harmonic generation, we have successfully demonstrated of using a 1064nm fiber laser for frequency doubling to generate 532 nm green light at room temperature.

第一章
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第二章
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第六章
[1]Min-Ji Jin, Oc-Yeub Jeon, Byeong-Joo Kim and Myoungsik Cha, “Fabrication of Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate Crystal and Poling Quality Evaluation by Diffraction Measurement,” Journal of the Korean Physical Society, Vol. 47, No. 92, 2005.
第七章
[1]Zhenhuan Ye, Qihong Lou, Jingxing Dong, Yunrong Wei, and Lei Lun, “compact continuous-wave blue lasers by direct frequency doubling of laser diodes with periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide crystals,” Optics Letters,Vol. 30, No.1, 2005.
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