近年來單親家庭數量逐漸攀升，家庭結構正在轉變，單親家庭存在經濟困境、學童學習成就的低落、教育資源不均等相較於雙親家庭或三代同堂的弱勢層面，因此本研究欲探究家庭結構與補習支出之關連性。利用2001年「台灣教育長期追蹤資料庫」之公共使用版本，結合國中一年級學生與家長資料，進行橫斷面分析，其中將家庭結構分成四大類「雙親與單親家庭」、「單親、雙親家庭以及三代同堂」、「單親爸爸、單親媽媽以及雙親家庭」以及「單親、雙親家庭、單親三代、雙親三代」進行探究分析。
　　實證結果發現此四種分類下，在控制其他變數之下，單親家庭為各式分類中，提供孩童參與補習資源機率較小與補習支出較少之家庭結構型態。在比較單親、雙親家庭以及三代同堂時，發現三代同堂與單親家庭比較，其補習的參與以及補習支出皆具有優勢。而其他變數像是女性、家庭總所得、獨子、班級屬性、學童對高等教育程度的自我期待、母親了解孩童學習狀況、家長與學校有良好的溝通聯繫、家中有為孩童教育存錢、擁有完善的學習設備家庭與補習參與以及補習支出分級有正向關係；家中兄弟姊妹超過3位以上以及就讀私立學校與補習參與以及補習支出分級有負向關係。

In decades, numbers of single-parent family are growing. Single-parent family is economically disadvantaged. Children of this family may have low learning achievement and unequal educational resources utilization compare to those of the two-parent or three generation family. Therefore, utilizing data from the 2001 Taiwan Educational Panel Survey (TEPS), this paper analyzes the relationship between family structure and the cram school expense. Specifically, the family structures are defined as the following four groups: “two-parent family and single-parent family”, “single-parent family, two-parent family and three generation”, “single-father family, single-mother family and two-parent family”, “single-parent family、two-parent family、single-parent family with grandparent (s) and two-parent family with grandparent (s)”.
　 Results showed that after control for the explanatory variables, children in single-parent family tended to have low probability of having tutorial resources and low cram school expense in all the four family structure settings. Furthermore, child in three generation family tended to have positive probability of having tutorial resources and high cram school expense. Other variables such as gender (female), total family income, family with only one child, class property, self-expectation on education, mother’s attention on child learning, good communication between family and school, money saved for education and with complete learning equipment have positive effects on having tutorial resources and high cram school expense while family with three or more children and the child attending private school attendance have the opposite results.

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