本研究以台灣中部的清水中社遺址為材料，結合墓葬考古學與生物考古學的生長壓力指標分析，探討番仔園文化時期人群在生活環境、健康狀況與文化變遷中的適應。該遺址橫跨番仔園文化早期的番仔園類型與晚期的鹿寮類型，為進行時間序列比較與族群內部差異觀察提供理想條件。
過往番仔園文化研究多著重於陶器分類、葬俗型態等物質文化面向，對早晚期是否屬同一人群及其內部是否存在結構性差異，缺乏直接生物資料的支持。本研究整理既有發掘報告並觀察部分骨骼標本，建立墓葬屬性資料庫（包括葬姿、葬俗與人口結構），並選取多孔性骨肥厚、眶頂篩孔樣病變、齲齒、線性琺瑯質發育不全（LEH）與哈里斯線等指標，評估個體在發育期因營養不良、疾病感染與慢性壓力所累積的生理影響。
分析結果顯示，不同時期個體的生理壓力表現差異顯著。晚期鹿寮類型個體的 LEH 發現率明顯高於早期番仔園類型，顯示晚期人群可能面臨更高的營養與生長壓力。女性齲齒與 LEH 比率偏高，或與妊娠、哺乳及荷爾蒙變化造成的生理負荷有關；兒童期齲齒與 LEH 高比例則反映早期營養與照護資源對健康的影響。
跨遺址比較進一步發現，清水中社遺址在喪葬習俗上呈現一定穩定性，與其他番仔園文化遺址存在差異，顯示番仔園文化並非完全同質，而更可能是多元群體在不同區域與歷史脈絡下互動、融合的結果。此結果不僅補足物質文化分類在族群識別上的不足，也顯示墓葬考古可提供理解文化內部分化與社會結構的關鍵線索。
綜合而言，本研究透過墓葬與骨骼資料的統整與分析，揭示清水中社人群面臨的生理壓力、營養狀況與生活條件轉變，並反映其文化適應過程。這些成果補充了過去研究在族群內部結構與健康狀態方面的空白，並展示生物考古學在台灣史前研究中的應用潛力。

This study examines the Chingshuichungshe site in central Taiwan to explore how populations of the Fantzuyuan Culture adapted to changes in living environment, health conditions, and culture. Spanning both the early Fantzuyuan and late Luliao types, the site provides ideal conditions for chronological comparison and analysis of intra-group variation.
Previous research emphasized material culture, such as pottery and burial patterns, but lacked direct biological data to determine whether early and late groups were the same population or differed structurally. This study integrates existing excavation reports with direct skeletal observations to build a burial attribute database (including burial posture, practices, and population structure) and analyzes growth stress indicators—porotic hyperostosis, cribra orbitalia, dental caries, linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH), and Harris lines—used to assess the impacts of malnutrition, disease, and chronic stress.
Results show significant variation in physiological stress between periods. Individuals from the late phase exhibited higher LEH rates, suggesting greater nutritional and developmental stress. Higher caries and LEH rates in females may relate to pregnancy and hormonal factors, while elevated rates in children highlight the importance of early-life nutrition and care.
Cross-site comparisons reveal relatively stable mortuary customs at Chingshuichungshe, distinct from other Fantzuyuan sites, indicating that the culture was not homogeneous but shaped by interactions among diverse groups.
By combining burial and skeletal data, this research provides new insights into health, nutrition, and cultural adaptation in prehistoric Taiwan, addressing gaps in previous studies and underscoring the value of bioarchaeology in reconstructing population history.

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