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研究生: 陳宜樂
Chen, Yi-Le
論文名稱: 二氧化氯去除瀝青異味之效率
Control Efficiency of Odor from Asphalt by Gaseous Chlorine Dioxide
指導教授: 吳義林
Wu, Yee-Lin
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 環境工程學系
Department of Environmental Engineering
論文出版年: 2011
畢業學年度: 99
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 144
中文關鍵詞: 二氧化氯瀝青非甲烷碳氫化合物反應動力學
外文關鍵詞: Chlorine dioxide, Asphalt, NMHC, Activation energy
相關次數: 點閱:120下載:4
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  • 瀝青為國內公共工程重要之材料之一,在高溫時操作若未加抑制,即可能產生出強烈的異味,結果為造成異味汙染與陳情。本研究利用強氧化劑二氧化氯處理含瀝青異味之廢氣,並比較其處理前後異味濃度之差異。接著進行實廠測試,並與實驗室結果作比較。最後再進一步討論其汙染物NMHC與二氧化氯之間之反應動力學。
    實驗導向以不同濃度、流量之二氧化氯與不同初始濃度之NMHC進行反應,求證出二氧化氯濃度NMHC濃度對反應速率式影響階數,分別為0.77與0.06;依溫度之影響變化,符合Arrhenius 方程式,即可求出二氧化氯氧化NMHC活化能為195.19 KJ/mol。
    實驗結果呈現當二氧化氯濃度的提高,可使異味濃度逐漸下降,且在濃度為2720ppm、流量固定為16L/min時,有最高的去除效率,可達到99%,而異味濃度最低可降至550。但當二氧化氯超過4074ppm時,則易有二氧化氯過量之情形發生,導致有淡消毒水味的產生,造成異味濃度再次上升,故操作選擇上,以濃度2720ppm、流量為16L/min為其最佳濃度使用。

    Asphalt is one of the important materials for public works , when operating at high temperatures may produce a strong odor, the result is pollution and odor caused by petition. In this study, a strong oxidant chlorine dioxide reacts with asphalt odor of exhaust gas, and compare the differences between odor concentration before and after treatment. Then compare the pilot plant testing and laboratory results. Finally, further discussion the kinetics of NMHC and ClO2.
    Experimental operating conditions in different concentrations and flow of chlorine dioxide with different initial concentrations of NMHC reaction, to verify the order of chlorine dioxide concentration and NMHC concentration effect on the reaction rate, respectively, 0.77 and 0.06; by the effect of temperature changes, in line with Arrhenius equation, we can find the activation energy for the chlorine dioxide oxidation of NMHC 195.19 KJ / mol.
    Experimental results show when the chlorine dioxide concentration is 2720ppm, flow rate is fixed at 16L/min, the odor concentration can gradually decreased, and the highest removal efficiency can reach 99%, while the lowest odor concentration can be reduced to 550. But more than 4074ppm of chlorine dioxide when chlorine dioxide is easy to have too much of the scenarios, leading to the production of a light disinfectant taste, odor concentration caused by the rise again, so the best of operation condition to use is chlorine dioxide concentration 2720ppm, as the flow rate 16L/min .

    第1章 前言 1 1.1 研究背景 1 1.2 研究目的與動機 2 第2章 文獻回顧 5 2.1 臭味物質概論 5 2.1.1 廣義之臭味定義 5 2.1.2 臭味物質 5 2.1.3 異味物質的健康危害 10 2.1.4 致臭物質其濃度與臭味強度之關係 11 2.2 瀝青異味之量測 17 2.2.1 異味量測 17 2.2.2 異味之官能測定法 17 2.2.3 異味之儀器測定法 18 2.3 異味處理技術 19 2.4 強氧化劑處理-二氧化氯 22 2.4.1 二氧化氯的性質 22 2.4.2 二氧化氯產生與製備 28 2.4.3 二氧化氯與有機物之氧化反應 34 2.4.4 二氧化氯之優缺點 37 2.5 瀝青拌合廠臭味調查 38 2.5.1 製程及異味源 38 2.5.2 異味源及異味成分 40 2.5.3 異味困擾 42 第3章 實驗設備、材料與方法 43 3.1 氧化處理瀝青臭味之實驗設備 43 3.2 實驗材料與儀器 50 3.2.1 實驗藥品名稱 50 3.2.2 實驗儀器 51 3.3 實驗方法 53 3.3.1 異味採樣方法 55 3.3.2 臭味分析方法 58 3.3.3 二氧化氯分析方法 68 3.4 動力分析-CSTR系統於穩定狀態時動力分析 69 第4章 結果與討論 71 4.1 實驗流程與配置 71 4.2 二氧化氯的產量關係 72 4.3 瀝青異味模擬-不同操作條件對瀝青異味濃度的影響 75 4.3.1 不同吹氣量對瀝青異味濃度的影響 76 4.3.2 不同操作時間對瀝青異味濃度的影響 77 4.3.3 瀝青致臭物種分析 78 4.4 二氧化氯處理含瀝青異味之廢氣實驗 80 4.4.1 比較不同進流二氧化氯劑量對瀝青異味去除效率與影響 82 4.4.2 比較不同進流二氧化氯濃度對瀝青異味去除效率與影響 90 4.4.3 比較不同汙染物NMHC濃度對瀝青異味去除效率與影響 94 4.4.4 綜合比較與操作條件設定 95 4.5 二氧化氯氧化系統之實廠測試結果-針對瀝青拌合廠異味 97 4.6 反應動力學探討 103 4.6.1 二氧化氯氧化汙染物NMHC之氧化動力式推導 103 4.6.2 以多元回歸分析計算反應速率常數k值 103 4.6.3 溫度影響與活化能計算 108 4.6.4 操作參數對反應速率之影響 111 4.6.5 反應速率對臭味去除率之關係 123 4.6.6 動力學總體探討 125 第5章 結論與建議 126 5.1 結論 126 5.2 建議 127 參考文獻 131 表目錄 表 2.1 常見異味物質及官能基(脂肪烴、芳香烴、含鹵烴、含環原態氮、硫化物、含氧烴、植物精油)(環訓所,2001) 6 表 2.2 空氣污染物中與臭味有關之物質 8 表 2.3常見臭味物質之健康危害 10 表 2.4 六階段臭味強度表示法 12 表 2.5 常見臭味物質WEBER-FECHNER關係式之K、A、及檢知閾值表(註:X=致臭物種濃度(PPM),檢知閾值為當Y=1時之X值。) 15 表 2.6 臭味防治及處理方法 20 表 2.7 二氧化氯的物理及熱力學性質一覽表 24 表 2.8 二氧化氯之光反應方程式: 27 表 2.9 二氧化氯產製型態一覽表 31 表 3.1 實驗藥品名稱與項目 50 表 3.2 稀釋倍數與氣體稀釋量之對應關係 63 表 4.1 亞氯酸鈉溶解度與溫度關係 73 表 4.2 二氧化氯流量量測結果 75 表 4.3 吹入瀝青之空氣量與異味濃度之關係 77 表 4.4 操作時間與異味濃度之關係 78 表 4.5 GC-MS分析瀝青異味成分與經2720PPM之CLO2處理後之排氣成分 79 表 4.6 二氧化氯濃度0.14%時,異味濃度及其去除率之變化 85 表 4.7 二氧化氯濃度0.27%時,異味濃度及其去除率之變化 86 表 4.8 二氧化氯濃度0.41%時,異味濃度及其去除率之變化 87 表 4.9 二氧化氯濃度0.81%時,異味濃度及其去除率之變化 88 表 4.10 二氧化氯濃度1.16%時,異味濃度及其去除率之變化 88 表 4.11 劑量5L/MIN之不同濃度二氧化氯對瀝青異味去除效率 92 表 4.12 劑量10L/MIN之不同濃度二氧化氯對瀝青異味去除效率 93 表 4.13 劑量16L/MIN之不同濃度二氧化氯對瀝青異味去除效率 93 表 4.14 劑量20L/MIN之不同濃度二氧化氯對瀝青異味去除效率 94 表 4.15 不同初始NMHC濃度對瀝青異味之去除效率的影響 95 表 4.16 於實廠操作時間內,連續採集、調查三天之異味濃度之變化 97 表 4.17 固定二氧化氯濃度0.81%,改變不同流率(劑量)其瀝青異味濃度之變化(-表無法區分其異味特徵) 99 表 4.18 固定二氧化氯濃度0.81%,改變不同流率(劑量)其瀝青異味之去除效率(-表無法區分其異味特徵) 99 表 4.19 NMHC、CLO2濃度量測結果與操作參數設定 105 表 4.20 溫度30℃原始動力數據 105 表 4.21 取對數後之動力參數值 107 表 4.22 不同溫度下迴歸之反應速率常數 110 表 4.23 處理瀝青廢氣氧化程序之活化能與ARRHENIUS FREQUENCY 110 表 4.24 不同進流CLO2濃度對反應速率影響(NMHC186PPM) 114 表 4.25 不同進流CLO2濃度對反應速率影響(NMHC186PPM)(續) 115 表 4.26 不同進流CLO2濃度對反應速率影響(NMHC122PPM) 117 表 4.27 不同進流CLO2濃度對反應速率影響(NMHC92PPM) 118 圖目錄 圖 1.1、研究架構圖 3 圖 2.1、混凝土拌合作業程序及異味污染源 39 圖 2.2瀝青混凝土拌合作業廠之配置圖 39 圖 2.3拌合機外觀及配置圖 40 圖 3.1、實驗流程圖 44 圖 3.2反應示意圖 44 圖 3.3、瀝青加熱槽 45 圖 3.4、溫控系統 45 圖 3.5、攪拌器 46 圖 3.6冷凝器 47 圖 3.7冷凝水槽 47 圖 3.8、二氧化氯生成槽 49 圖 3.9、 PH METER 52 圖 3.10、蠕動幫浦 53 圖 3.11異味採樣裝置圖 56 圖 3.12官能測定裝置圖(嗅袋、六孔分配器與零級氣體產生器) 58 圖 3.13、試驗紙固定架 63 圖 3.14官能測定實施場所房間配置之參考圖例 64 圖 3.15測定結果範例 66 圖 3.16聞臭結果表格 67 圖 3.17反應系統示意圖 69 圖 4.1以皂泡流量計量測二氧化氯流量之情形 72 圖 4.2錄影觀察之實驗情形 74 圖 4.3亞氯酸鈉進料濃度與二氧化氯氣體流量關係 75 圖 4.4 二氧化氯濃度為0.14%,其劑量與異味濃度、去除效率之關係 89 圖 4.5 二氧化氯濃度為0.27%,其劑量與異味濃度、去除效率之關係 89 圖 4.6 二氧化氯濃度為0.41%,其劑量與異味濃度、去除效率之關係 90 圖 4.7二氧化氯濃度為0.81%,其劑量與異味濃度、去除效率之關係 90 圖 4.8 二氧化氯濃度為1.16%,其劑量與異味濃度、去除效率之關係 90 圖 4.9 實驗設備與現場配置圖 101 圖 4.10 現場操作情形與卡車裝載情形 101 圖 4.11 實驗設備及現場配置圖 102 圖 4.12 不同溫度條件與反應速率常數K之迴歸關係 110 圖 4.13 不同進流CLO2濃度對反應速率影響(NMHC186PPM,二氧化氯454PPM、1361PPM、2720PPM、4074PPM、8115PPM、11680PPM) 112 圖 4.14 不同進流CLO2濃度對反應速率影響(NMHC122PPM,二氧化氯2720PPM、8115PPM) 112 圖 4.15 不同進流CLO2濃度對反應速率影響(NMHC92PPM,二氧化氯2720PPM、8115PPM) 113 圖 4.16 不同進流NMHC濃度(186、122、92PPM)對反應速率影響(CLO2為2720PPM) 119 圖 4.17 不同進流NMHC濃度(186、122、92PPM)對反應速率影響(CLO2為8115PPM) 120 圖 4.18 不同溫度對反應速率影響(CLO2為454PPM、NMHC濃度186PPM) 121 圖 4.19 不同溫度對反應速率影響(CLO2為1361PPM、NMHC濃度178.5PPM) 122 圖 4.20 不同溫度對反應速率影響(CLO2為2720PPM、NMHC濃度186、122、92PPM) 122 圖 4.21 不同溫度對反應速率影響(CLO2為4074PPM、NMHC濃度192PPM) 123 圖 4.22 不同溫度對反應速率影響(CLO2為8115PPM、NMHC濃度186、122、92PPM) 123 圖 4.23 不同溫度對反應速率影響(CLO2為11680PPM、NMHC濃度190PPM) 123 圖 4.24 反應速率對臭味去除率影響 124


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