在現代的社會中，人與人的互相的社會互動已經進入到即使不用面對面也能完成的時代，而談論到社會互動時所需要的社會認知能力大部分都會談及鏡像神經元系統以及心智理論，但是過去實驗的情境許多都是以面對面互動(例如：觀察臉部表情以及模仿手勢等等)的刺激做為實驗設計。而本研究透過一項超掃描（同步紀錄互動參與者大腦活動）磁振造影的實驗試圖回答此類間接的社會互動議題，本研究設計了一項預先溝通的協調賽局作業，每次實驗會由四位參與者作為一組並且分成兩兩配對，由於僅能使用三台磁振造影掃描儀，實驗中同時會有一組「超掃描磁振造影組」以及「磁振造影-機外連線組」，每組配對互動六次後便會更換配對對象，每次試驗過程首先需要雙方先進行溝通，再進行真實選擇，而溝通時分成高效率溝通(H type，溝通回饋時顯示的結果有90%機率與溝通決策的選擇一致)以及低效率溝通(L type，溝通回饋時顯示的結果有50%機率與溝通決策的選擇一致)，行為結果顯示高效率溝通情境下的協調成功率顯著高於低效率溝通，且在較易失敗的情境下「雙側額下回 – 雙側前扣帶皮層」以及「右頂顳葉交界處 – 右額下迴/右後扣帶皮質」發現了有效性連結的差異，說明鏡像神經元系統與心智理論的運作不是互相獨立，兩者的交互作用對於社會認知能力的運作是不可或缺的。最後，透過基於連結組的預測模型探索發現「背側楔前葉– 頂上小葉」以及「後扣帶皮質 – 腹外側楔前葉」兩組神經連結共同顯著預測(r = -0.4305, p =.001)參與者們的協調成功率。基於頂上小葉, 楔前葉與個人為基礎的價值計算高度相關，此「愈自我利益為基礎的思考，愈不容易合作成功」的發現，間接支持了「儘管處在不確定性情境中，只要多為他人著想，仍可建立人與人的互信基礎」。總而言之，本研究之結果為間接社會互動的大腦神經基礎帶來了進一步的認識。

In modern society, interpersonal social interactions have entered an era where they can be completed without face-to-face communication. When discussing the social cognition required for social interaction, much of the focus is placed on the mirror neuron system (MNS) and Theory of Mind (ToM). However, many previous experimental designs have relied on face-to-face interactions (e.g., observing facial expressions and imitating gestures) as stimuli. This study aims to address issues of indirect social interaction through a hyper-scanning functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment, in which the brain activities of interacting participants are simultaneously recorded. We designed a coordination game with pre-play communication, where each session involved four participants grouped and paired into two dyads. Due to the availability of only three fMRI scanners, each session included one "hyper-scanning fMRI group" and one "fMRI-external connection group." After six trials of interaction within each dyad, participants were repaired with different partners. Each trial required the participants to first communicate and then make a decision. Communication was categorized into high-efficiency communication (H type), where feedback during communication had a 90% probability of aligning with the communicative decision, and low-efficiency communication (L type), where feedback had only a 50% probability of alignment. Behavioral results revealed that coordination success rates were significantly higher in the H type condition compared to the L type condition. Additionally, in the less successful L type condition, differences in effective connectivity were observed between bilateral IFG - bilateral ACC, as well as between rTPJ - rIFG/rPCC. These findings suggest that the operations of MNS and ToM are not independent, as well as their interaction is indispensable for social cognition. Finally, exploration using the connectome-based predictive model (CPM) revealed that two neural connections, the dorsal precuneus–SPL and PCC–ventral lateral precuneus, significantly predicted participants' coordination success rate (r = -0.4305, p = .001). Given the strong association of the SPL and precuneus with self-centered value computation, this finding—that greater self-interest-based thinking is less conducive to successful cooperation—indirectly supports the notion that "even in an uncertain context, fostering consideration for others can still establish a foundation of mutual trust." In summary, the findings of the present study provide further insights into the neural basis of indirect social interactions.

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