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研究生： 饒孟源
Rao, Meng-Yuan
論文名稱： 水稻中導致大穀粒形成的基因功能之探討與研究
Characterization and functional study of genes confer- large grain size in rice
指導教授： 陳榮芳
Chen, Long-Fang O.
共同指導教授: 余淑美
Yu, Su‐May
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 生物科學與科技學院 - 熱帶植物科學研究所
Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences
論文出版年： 2012
畢業學年度： 100
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 72
中文關鍵詞： 水稻 、產量 、大米粒
外文關鍵詞： rice, yield, large grain
相關次數： 點閱：122  下載：0 
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    • 目前全球糧食的產量幾已達極限，未來將無法供應快速成長的人口。如何應用目前發展的技術使作物產量再提升已是全球關注的議題。植物遺傳工程是增加作物產量的重要方法，而種子的大小為影響產量的重要性狀之一。我們從TRIM datadase篩選出來具有大米粒性狀的T-DNA活化突變株D16。在一般田間下種植，相較於野生型台農67，D16的種子長、寬及厚分別增加了19%, 11% 和9%，千粒重增加了30%，但總產量相較於台農67卻降低了32%。遺傳分析的結果顯示大米粒的性狀與T-DNA標籤緊密連鎖，並穩定遺傳至後代。為了選殖出造成米粒變大的基因，在D16 T-DNA插入位置上下游25 kb，有8個鄰近突變株(allelic mutants)，及14個由RiceGAAS database所預測的基因。將8個相鄰近突變株及14個基因進行分子生物及基因轉殖分析，結果顯示大量表現P22基因會造成米粒變大，此基因的特性及功能需進一步研究。

    關鍵字：水稻、產量、大米粒

    Presently, the yield production in the word has almost reached maximum. The rapid increase in world population will lead to the shortage of food supply. Development of technologies for crop yield increase have become an essential issue. Plant genetic engineering offers an important approach to increase the yield of crops, and the grain size is one of the most important components contributing to yield increase.
    We screened the large grain T-DNA activation mutant D16 from the TRIM database. In field-grown conditions, compared with the wild type rice (TNG67), the grain length, width and thickness were increased by 19%, 11% and 9%, respectively; the kernel weight was increased by 30% but the total yield was decreased by 32% in the D16 mutant. Genetic analysis indicates that these phenotypes were tightly co-segregated with the T-DNA insertion.
    For isolated the gene of large grain. Close to the T-DNA insertion site of D16, 13 flanking genes were predicted based on the RiceGAAS database and 8 nearby mutants were also characterized. The molecular analysis and recapitulation experiment indicated that P22 is responsible for the large grain phenotype and will be further characterized.

    Keyword: rice, yield, large grain

    目錄 中文摘要 1 Abstract 2 誌謝 3 目錄 4 表目錄 6 圖目錄 7 一. 前人研究 8 1.人口與產量 8 2. QTL的確認與分析上的優缺點 10 3.傳統育種方法選殖基因的探討 10 4. T-DNA應用到數量性狀的研究 11 5. 分蘗數的基因調控 12 6. 穗粒數的調控 13 7. 種子重量的調控 14 8. 器官大小及發育的機制 15 二. 材料方法 20 1. 研究策略 20 2. 水稻種植、樣本採集及收種 20 3. 相鄰突變株輔助大米基因的篩選 20 4. DNA萃取 20 5. T-DNA flanking sequence分析 21 6. Co-segregation analysis 21 7. Total RNA萃取 21 8. Reverse transcription 22 9. RT-PCR 22 10. DirectionRT-PCR 22 11. Southern blot 23 12. Northern blot分析 24 13. 基因構築 25 14. 農桿菌轉殖 26 三. 結果 27 1.植株性狀及考種分析 27 2. 在D16 活化突變株中 T-DNA插入位置及套數 27 3. 大米性狀與T-DNA連鎖分析 27 4. D16 flanking genes的表現 28 5. 比較Allelic mutants之間的表現型與基因型 28 6. Nitrilase轉植株 29 7. TFllE-beta1轉植株 29 8. P22轉植株 30 四. 討論 31 1. 總種子數影響了D16的產量 31 2. 散生性狀的探討 31 3. Flanking genes與大米粒的關係 32 4. T-DNA 活化標籤輔助數量性狀的研究 33 5. 產量再提升 33 6. P22基因多效性的探討 34 7. P22基因的後續研究 34 8. 大米基因的應用 35 五.參考文獻 36 六.附錄 50 表目錄 Table 1.比較Wt(TNG67)與D16之考種性狀 50 Table 2. D16 T-DNA與性狀的分離率與卡方(chi-square)分析 50 Table 3. 99年第二期作D16與相鄰突變株(allelic mutant)考種性狀的比較 51 Supplemental table 1. D16T-DNA插入點上下游25kb基因的基本描述 64 Supplemental table 2. D16上下游25kb所涵蓋的相鄰突變株TRIM database編號及論文代號 65 Supplemental table 3. P22 protein aligment 66 圖目錄 Fig. 1. WT與D16幼苗生長勢比較 52 Fig. 2. D16種子充實速率 53 Fig. 3. D16突變株有高株、長穗及大米粒等表現性狀 54 Fig. 4. D16插入位置上下游25k所涵蓋的基因…………………..……………….…..55 Fig. 5. 比較D16與鄰近突變株的表現型態 56 Fig. 6. D16與相鄰突變株種子型態的比較 57 Fig. 7. 鄰近突變株及上下游25kb基因的座落位置及基因的表現情形 ….……58 Fig. 8. 部分的反向Gus序列與P22基因mRNA一起被轉錄出來 59 Fig. 9. Ubi:Nitrilase 轉植株並沒有大米粒的性狀 60 Fig. 10. ubi:TFIIE-beta 1轉植株的性狀…..…………………………………………....61 Fig. 11. Ubi:P22轉植株性狀 62 Fig. 12. P22 T0轉植株長、寬、千粒重及genotyping 63 Supplemental Fig. 1 P22基因在A6突變株的轉錄體表現分析 67 Supplemental Fig. 2 以Neural Network Promoter Prediction tool預測P22基因上下游1kb可能存在的啟動子 68 Supplemental Fig.3. A6 T-DNA fusion P22 示意圖及序列 68 Supplemental Fig.4. TIGR database新預測的nitrilase 69 Supplemental Fig. 5. TFIIE-beta 1在三種不同資料庫RiceGAAS、TIGR及NCBI的基因預測 69 Supplemental Fig. 6. 以D16 genotyping primer確認P22轉植株並非D16 69 Supplemental Fig. 7. 99年第二期作鄰近突變株的單穗穎花數調查 69 Supplemental Fig. 8. P22在不同發育時期的表現 70 Supplemental Fig. 9 P22在不同部位組織的表現 71 Supplemental Fig. 10. P22胺基酸序列及Phylogenetic tree of P22 72

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    URL
    1. 作物生長、單位產量和生產力的測量http://seed.agron.ntu.edu.tw/cropprod/Crop%20prod-03.pdf
    2. Rice today,2006
    http://www.scribd.com/doc/6405262/Rice-Today-Volume-5-number-4
    3. Breeding history
    http://www.goldenrice.org/PDFs/Breeding_History_Sept_2006.pdf
    4. BioTechniques-TILLING new ground
    http://www.biotechniques.com/news/TILLING-New-Ground/biotechniques-305644.html?autnID=244456

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