多階層決策問題(Multi-level decision making problems)存在於具有階層架構之決策群體，成員在決策過程中依循階級依次序進行決策，求解規劃問題並評估決策者對於目標達成結果之滿意度。然而，高階決策者在決策上往往會限制低階決策者，使得低階決策者較為難以施力，為提升組織整體目標達成程度，往往透過妥協讓步和重複調整的方式，決策者對於求解結果必會有正反兩面之看法。在處理此多階層中不確定性之問題，過去學者大多採用模糊目標規劃方法，以模糊歸屬度函數概念表達其對結果之滿意度進行求解，但僅考慮決策者對於該求解結果正向意見，忽略決策者對其之不滿意程度。此外，對於現行解不合要求時，高階決策者可依據自己想法調整下階決策，若於較多階層之團體決策中，將使求解過程耗費較多時間。
本研究提出以直覺式目標規劃(Intuitionistic fuzzy goal programming)求解多階層問題，考慮決策者間之相對主導權，提出一較客觀之非歸屬度函數建立方式，以非歸屬程度來表達決策者對於求解結果之不滿意度，增加對於決策問題之詮釋。本研究之求解模式分為兩步驟，在前置作業中，分別建立目標式之歸屬度函數與非歸屬度函數，以及決策變數之歸屬度函數。接著在模式建立與求解中，提出權重模式與語意變數模式之直覺式模糊目標規劃模型進行求解，決策者可依據其要求選擇合適模型。模式建立後，套用數值範例實際演練，再與過去學者研究比較，結果顯示本研究所提出方法除了能有效提升整體目標滿意度，亦能詮釋更多決策問題中的不確定性。此外，以範例分析試驗群組後，當首階（最高階）與末階（最低階）決策者的決策主導分數分別越高與越低，整體評分值與整體猶豫程度兩指標表現更加優異。而最高領導階層地位明顯的組織相較於各階層差異較小之組織，此兩衡量指標表現也較佳，權重偏差值亦較小。最後，針對本研究給予結論與建議，並提出未來之研究方向。

Multi-level decision-making problems appear in decision group with hierarchical structures. Generally, we evaluate the degree of satisfaction of decision-makers (DMs) based on goal achievement related to solving decision-making problems. However, when members make decisions, high-level DMs will restrict those who are lower. In order to maximize overall satisfaction, we must obtain the compromised solution for every level so different level DMs must have both positive and negative thoughts. To present this practical situation, the proposed model adopts the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy sets and proposes the objective definition for non-membership function, based on the tendency of the majority of membership degree and non-membership degree, to illustrate the degree of dissatisfaction of DMs with goal achievement according to the decision-makers’ relative domination related to building their non-membership functions for each objective. Moreover, linguistic variables are adopted to present the subjective requirements of DMs that restrict the relationship between the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of each, and the relationship between adjacent levels of satisfaction or dissatisfaction. After integrating all variables and constraints, we were able to apply the proposed models (intuitionistic fuzzy goal programming) and to compare the results, degree of satisfaction, degree of hesitation, and score function, with other methods containing fuzzy goal programming and interactive intuitionistic fuzzy method. The results obtained using the proposed method were better than those of the other two studies, which presents except for considering two sides of DMs’ thoughts and DMs are generally more satisfied with the results.

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