簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

回結果列表
研究生： 張志予
Chang, Chih-Yu
論文名稱： MIMO互補攪亂碼多重擷取技術及其系統效能分析
Complementary Coded Scrambling Multiple Access MIMO Systems and Its Performance Analysis
指導教授： 陳曉華
Chen, Hsiao-Hwa
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 工程科學系
Department of Engineering Science
論文出版年： 2013
畢業學年度： 101
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 300
中文關鍵詞： 多天線的一般化互補攪亂碼系統 、攪亂技術
外文關鍵詞： MIMO-GCCSMA, Scrambling Technology
相關次數： 點閱：52  下載：3 
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報

    • 在這篇碩士論文中，我們專注於互補攪亂碼系統研究領域中，碼的設計的部分。
    在過去有關於互補攪亂碼系統的研究裡，我們找到了一個合適的方法，將攪亂技術與互補碼結合在一起，
    也因為沒有使用到過去的互補碼系統所使用的展頻技術，互補攪亂碼系統可以有效地增加系統的頻寬利用效率。
    此外，先前的研究中也顯示了，互補攪亂碼系統可以在室內以及由戶外傳輸到室內的頻選通道測試環境下，
    有著不錯的效能，但是，在戶外的頻選通道測試環境下，系統效能卻呈現著明顯的下降。
    這是因為互補攪亂碼系統抵抗頻選效應的能力，完全與傳送天線數目有關，
    越多的傳送天線，就可以讓互補攪亂碼系統又更佳的抵抗頻選效應的能力；
    但是，在實際的情況中，我們卻又不可能有過多的傳送天線，而無線傳輸通道卻又非常的多變，
    所以，我們將無法避免多路徑延遲大於傳送端天線數目的情況發生，而一旦這樣情況發生，也勢必會降低互補攪亂碼系統的系統效能。

    基於之前的研究，我們提出了一個新的互補攪亂碼的架構來加強互補攪亂碼系統在頻選通道下的效能。
    主要是想讓互補攪亂碼系統抵抗多路徑效應的能力，不再完全由系統中所擁有的傳送天線數所決定，並且不會消耗更多的頻寬資源。
    我們叫這個新提出的碼的架構的系統為一般化的互補攪亂碼系統，因為這個碼的架構讓互補攪亂碼系統可以根據不同的通道情況和要支持的用戶數，
    來選擇所要使用的碼。在接下來的文章中，我們會逐步介紹一般化的互補攪亂碼以及證明其抵抗多路徑效應和多用戶效應的能力；
    接著，我們會推導一般化的互補攪亂碼系統效能，並且與先前的互補攪亂碼系統的研究結果做比較，其中兩者皆是在多路徑通道下的效能分析；
    此外，比較的結果也告訴了我們，一般化的互補攪亂碼系統，在所有的測試環境下的確能夠有較好的系統效能。
    而在文章最後的附錄裡，我們也附上了利用新的碼的架構所產生的碼讓大家當作參考。

    In this thesis, we focus the research topic on the codes of complementary coded scrambling multiple access (CCSMA) systems. In the previous research of complementary coded scrambling multiple access systems, we found out a proper method to combine the scramble technique with complementary codes. Without using spread spectrum technique, complementary coded scrambling multiple access systems can really increase frequency bandwidth efficiency of a communication system. In addition, pervious work also shown that complementary coded scrambling multiple access systems can work pretty well when the transmission environment are in an indoor or outdoor to indoor environments, which are both frequency selective fading channels. But, in the outdoor environment, system performance decreases, obviously. It is all related to the ability of complementary coded scrambling multiple access system codes against multipath effect. Ability of complementary coded scrambling multiple access system codes against multipath effect is related to the number of transmit antennas. More transmit antennas we have, the more multipath delay spread CCSMA systems can hold. But, it is a big problem. Because we are not able to have too many transmit antennas and the wireless channel condition is too unpredictable and variable in practice, we can not avoid the happening of delay taps are bigger than the number of transmit antennas, which will decrease CCSMA system performance.

    Based on the previous researches, we purpose a new code structure to enhance the ability of CCSMA systems against multipath effect. Making this ability of CCSMA code is not totally decided by the transmit antenna number, and we will not use extra bandwidth comparing with. We called the CCSMA system that uses new code structure generalized complementary coded scrambling multiple access system because the new code structure afford CCSMA system to choose different codes against various wireless channel conditions. That is way we called it generalized. In the following article, we will introduce the generalized CCSMA codes and prove it still is theoretically MI and MAI free. Then, we evaluate the numerical analysis and show the results of GCCSMA system when it compares to CCSMA system under multiple environments. Numerical analysis results show that GCCSMA systems can really work better than CCSMA systems in all test environments. At last, we also generate the generalized CCSMA codes in appendix with different transmission environments.

    摘摘摘 要要要 i Abstract iii Acknowledgements v Table of Contents vii List of Figures xi List of Tables xvii Abbreviations xix Symbols xxi 1 Introduction 1 2 Generalized Complementary Scrambling Code Design 7 2.1 Code Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.2 Multipath Effect Discuccsion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.3 Multiple Access Effect Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.4 Introduction to Matrix D and Its Generating Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2.4.1 D Matrix Generation Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.4.2 Different Orthogonal Matrix Generation Process . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 3 Performance Analysis of Single User Generalized Complementary-Coded Scram- bling Multiple Access System with Multiapth Fading Channel 39 3.1 Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 3.2 Wireless Channel Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3.2.1 Channel Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3.2.2 Rayleigh Fading channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 3.2.3 MIMO Multi-path Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3.3 Single User Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 3.4 Numerical Performance of Single User GCCSMA System . . . . . . . . . . 82 4 Performance Analysis of Multiple User Generalized Complementary-Coded Scram- bling Multiple Access System with Multipath Fading Channel 87 4.1 Numerical Performance of Multiple Users GCCSMA System . . . . . . . . . 126 5 Performance Comparison 141 5.1 Performance Evaluation in Different Test Environment Channel A with Sym- bol Duration 100 ns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 5.2 Performance Evaluation in Outdoor Test Environment Channel A with Sym- bol Duration are [400, 600, 800] ns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 6 Conclusion 155 Bibliography 159 A Matrix D Generation Processes 161 A.1 Multipath Effect Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 A.2 Multiple Access Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 B Generation Process of D Matrix From Orthogonal Matrices 169 C Generalized Complementary Scrambling Codes 173 C.1 GCCSMA Codes with Dimension of Matrix B is 1 × 1 for P = 1 . . . . . . 174 C.1.1 Number of Transmit Antenna N t = 2, Number of Carriers Frequen- cies M = 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 C.1.2 Number of Transmit Antenna N t = 2, Number of Carriers Frequen- cies M = 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 C.1.3 Number of Transmit Antenna N t = 2, Number of Carriers Frequen- cies M = 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 C.1.4 Number of Transmit Antenna N t = 4, Number of Carriers Frequen- cies M = 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 C.1.5 Number of Transmit Antenna N t = 4, Number of Carriers Frequen- cies M = 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 C.1.6 Number of Transmit Antenna N t = 4, Number of Carriers Frequen- cies M = 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 C.1.7 Number of Transmit Antenna N t = 8, Number of Carriers Frequen- cies M = 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 C.1.8 Number of Transmit Antenna N t = 8, Number of Carriers Frequen- cies M = 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 C.1.9 Number of Transmit Antenna N t = 8, Number of Carriers Frequen- cies M = 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 C.2 GCCSMA Codes with Dimension of Matrix B is 2 × 2 for P = 2 . . . . . . 222 C.2.1 Number of Transmit Antenna N t = 2, Number of Carriers Frequen- cies M = 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 C.2.2 Number of Transmit Antenna N t = 2, Number of Carriers Frequen- cies M = 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 C.2.3 Number of Transmit Antenna N t = 2, Number of Carriers Frequen- cies M = 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 C.2.4 Number of Transmit Antenna N t = 4, Number of Carriers Frequen- cies M = 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 C.2.5 Number of Transmit Antenna N t = 4, Number of Carriers Frequen- cies M = 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 C.2.6 Number of Transmit Antenna N t = 4, Number of Carriers Frequen- cies M = 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 C.2.7 Number of Transmit Antenna N t = 8, Number of Carriers Frequen- cies M = 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 C.2.8 Number of Transmit Antenna N t = 8, Number of Carriers Frequen- cies M = 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 C.2.9 Number of Transmit Antenna N t = 8, Number of Carriers Frequen- cies M = 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 C.3 GCCSMA Codes with Dimension of Matrix B is 4 × 4 for P = 4 . . . . . . 263 C.3.1 Number of Transmit Antenna N t = 2, Number of Carriers Frequen- cies M = 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 C.3.2 Number of Transmit Antenna N t = 2, Number of Carriers Frequen- cies M = 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 C.3.3 Number of Transmit Antenna N t = 2, Number of Carriers Frequen- cies M = 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 C.3.4 Number of Transmit Antenna N t = 4, Number of Carriers Frequen- cies M = 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 C.3.5 Number of Transmit Antenna N t = 4, Number of Carriers Frequen- cies M = 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 C.3.6 Number of Transmit Antenna N t = 4, Number of Carriers Frequen- cies M = 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 C.3.7 Number of Transmit Antenna N t = 8, Number of Carriers Frequen- cies M = 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 C.3.8 Number of Transmit Antenna N t = 8, Number of Carriers Frequen- cies M = 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 C.3.9 Number of Transmit Antenna N t = 8, Number of Carriers Frequen- cies M = 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

    [1] C. Oestges and B. Clerckx, MIMO Wireless Communications: From Real-World Prop-
    agation to Space-Time Code Design, Elsevier Science, 2007.
    [2] N. Suehiro, M. Hatori, “N-shift Cross-orthogonal Sequences”, IEEE Transactions on
    Information Theory, vol. 34, pp. 143 -146, Jan. 1988.
    [3] J.S. Lin, “Complementary Code Based CDMA Architecture,” M.S.thesis, Dept. Elec-
    tron. Eng.,Univ. Sun Yat-sen, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 2003.
    [4] C.H. Chang, ”Use of Parallel Computing Techniques to Search for Perfectly Orthogonal
    Complementary Codes,” M.S.thesis, Dept. Electron. Eng., Univ. Sun Yat-sen, Kaohsi-
    ung, Taiwan, 2005.
    [5] C.Y. Yang, ”On Design of New Complementary Code,”M.S.thesis, Dept. Electron.
    Eng., Univ. Sun Yat-sen, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 2005.
    [6] J.W Chen, “On Chip Level Space-Time-Frequency Complementary Codes,” M.S. the-
    sis, Dept. Engin. Sci., Univ. Cheng Kung, Tainan, Taiwan, 2010.
    [7] Y.Z. Wu, “Chip Level Space-Time-Frequency Complementary Code Design,” M.S. the-
    sis, Dept. Engin. Sci., Univ. Cheng Kung, Tainan, Taiwan, 2008.
    [8] P.Y. Yang, ”Performance Analysis of MIMO-CDMA Systems with Space-Time-
    Frequency Coding,” M.S. thesis, Dept. Engin. Sci., Univ. Cheng Kung, Tainan, Taiwan,
    2010.
    [9] D. Tse and P. Viswanath, “Fundamentals of Wireless Communication”, ISBN
    0521845270, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
    [10] J.G. Proakis, Digital Communications, McGraw-Hill, 2001.
    [11] H.M. Syu, ”Complementary-Coded Scrambling Multiple Access (CCSMA) and Its
    Application in MIMO Systems, ” M.S. thesis, Dept. Engin. Sci., Univ. Cheng Kung,
    Tainan, Taiwan, 2011.
    [12] Q.H. Spencer, A.L. Swindlehurst and M. Haardt, “Zero-forcing Methods for Down-
    link Spatial Multiplexing in Multiuser MIMO Channels”, IEEE Transactions on Signal
    Processing, vol. 52, pp. 461-471, 2004.
    [13] V. Kuhn, Wireless Communications over MIMO Channels: Applications to CDMA and
    Multiple Antenna Systems, J. Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2006.
    [14] 3rd Generation Partnership Project. (2013, Apr.). User Equipment (UE) radio trans-
    mission and reception (3GPP TS 36.101 version 10.10.0 Release 10) [Online].
    Available: http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/136100_136199/
    136101/10.10.00_60/ts_136101v101000p.pdf
    [15] International Telecommuication Union. (1997). Guidelines for Evalua-
    tion of Radio Transmission Technologies for IMT-2000 [Online]. Avail-
    able: http://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/m/R-REC-M.
    1225-0-199702-I!!PDF-E.pdf
    [16] WiMAX Forum. (2007, Feb. 21). Channel Models-A Tutorial(1st ed.)[Online]. Avail-
    able: http://www.cse.wustl.edu/˜jain/cse574-08/ftp/channel_
    model_tutorial.pdf
    [17] 3rd Generation Partnership Project. (2009, Dec.). Spatial channel model for Mul-
    tiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) simulations (Release 9)[Online]. Available:
    http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_tr/125900_125999/125996/
    09.00.00_60/tr_125996v090000p.pdf

    下載圖示 校內：2018-09-06公開
    校外：2018-09-06公開
    QR CODE